HTLV Type 1 Molecular Study in Brazilian Villages with African Characteristics Giving Support to the Post-Columbian Introduction Hypothesis

Rego, Filipe Ferreira de Almeida; Alcântara, Luíz Carlos Júnior; Neto, José Pereira Moura; Miranda, Aline Cristina Andrade Mota; Pereira, Osmario de Souza; Gonçalves, Marilda de Souza; Galvão–Castro, Bernardo

doi:10.1089/aid.2007.0290

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This study is in agreement with findings from previous studies, 21,22,25,26,38 reaching the conclusion that the HTLV-1a Transcontinental subgroup is the most prevalent strain found in Brazil. The presence of HTLV-1 LTR sequences from Bahia in several clusters along the phylogenetic tree suggests multiple post-Columbian introductions of HTLV-1 into the Brazilian population.…”

supporting

confidence: 93%

“…The presence of HTLV-1 LTR sequences from Bahia in several clusters along the phylogenetic tree suggests multiple post-Columbian introductions of HTLV-1 into the Brazilian population. These data, in addition to other studies from regions throughout Bahia, 25,26 serve to confirm the postColumbian introduction hypothesis of HTLV-1 into Bahia.…”

supporting

confidence: 83%

“…23,24 Previous epidemiological studies have shown that the HTLV-1 strain that is circulating in Bahia appears to be spreading from Salvador to other regions of the state. 25,26 In an effort to gain further insight into the history of HTLV-1 in Bahia, a molecular epidemiological study was carried out among HIV-1/HTLV co-infected women in the neighboring City of Feira de Santana. This city is located along the route of some of the busiest highways in the State of Bahia (116 km from Salvador), at the intersection of three main interstate highways, the BR101, BR116, and BR324.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of HTLV-1 Isolates from HIV-1 Co-Infected Women in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil

Rego

Mota-Miranda

Santos³

et al. 2010

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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HTLV-1/HIV-1 co-infection is associated with severe clinical manifestations, marked immunodeficiency, and opportunistic pathogenic infections, as well as risk behavior. Salvador, the capital of the State of Bahia, Brazil, has the highest HTLV-1 prevalence (1.74%) found in Brazil. Few studies exist which describe this co-infection found in Salvador and its surrounding areas, much less investigate how these viruses circulate or assess the relationship between them. To describe the epidemiological and molecular features of HTLV in HIV co-infected women. To investigate the prevalence of HTLV/HIV co-infection in surrounding areas, as well as the molecular epidemiology of HTLV, a cross sectional study was carried out involving 107 women infected with HIV-1 from the STD/HIV/AIDS Reference Center located in the neighboring City of Feira de Santana. Patient samples were submitted to ELISA, and HTLV infection was confirmed using Western Blot and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Phylogenetic analysis using Neighbor-Joining (NJ) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) was performed on HTLV LTR sequences in order to gain further insights about molecular epidemiology and the origins of this virus in Bahia. Four out of five reactive samples were confirmed to be infected with HTLV-1, and one with HTLV-2. The seroprevalence of HTLV among HIV-1 co-infected women was 4.7%. Phylogenetic analysis of the LTR region from four HTLV-1 sequences showed that all isolates were clustered into the main Latin American group within the Transcontinental subgroup of the Cosmopolitan subtype. The HTLV-2 sequence was classified as the HTLV-2c subtype. It was also observed that four HTLV/HIV-1 co-infected women exhibited risk behavior with two having parenteral exposure, while another two were sex workers. This article describes the characteristics of co-infected patients. This co-infection is known to be severe and further studies should be conducted to confirm the suggestion that HTLV-1 is spreading from Salvador to surrounding areas.

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supporting

confidence: 93%

supporting

confidence: 83%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of HTLV-1 Isolates from HIV-1 Co-Infected Women in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil

Rego

Mota-Miranda

Santos³

et al. 2010

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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“…A recent phylogenetic study suggests that West African hepatitis B virus (HBV) lineages were introduced to Haiti during the peak years of slave movement (1). Similarly, recent studies of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), which sometimes combine human and viral evidence, have indicated that Surinamese, Guyanan, Brazilian, Argentinian, and Peruvian HTLV-1 lineages grouped among West African lineages (3,12,32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonial History and Contemporary Transmission Shape the Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 2 in Amsterdam

Markov

Laar

Thomas

et al. 2012

J Virol

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g Evolutionary analysis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome sequences has provided insights into the epidemic history and transmission of this widespread human pathogen. Here we report an exceptionally diverse set of 178 HCV genotype 2 (HCV-2) isolates from 189 patients in Amsterdam, comprising 8 distinct HCV subtypes and 10 previously not recognized, unclassified lineages. By combining study subjects' demographic information with phylogeographic and molecular clock analyses, we demonstrate for the first time that the trans-Atlantic slave trade and colonial history were the driving forces behind the global dissemination of HCV-2. We detect multiple HCV-2 movements from present-day Ghana/Benin to the Caribbean during the peak years of the slave trade (1700 to 1850) and extensive transfer of HCV-2 among the Netherlands and its former colonies Indonesia and Surinam over the last 150 years. The latter coincides with the bidirectional migration of Javanese workers between Indonesia and Surinam and subsequent immigration to the Netherlands. In addition, our study sheds light on contemporary trends in HCV transmission within the Netherlands. We observe multiple lineages of the epidemic subtypes 2a, 2b, and 2c (together 67% of HCV-2 infections in Amsterdam), which cluster according to their suspected routes of transmission, specifically, injecting drug use (IDU) and contaminated blood/blood products. Understanding the epidemiological processes that generated the global pattern of HCV diversity seen today is critical for exposing associations between populations, risk factors, and specific HCV subtypes and might help HCV screening and prevention campaigns to minimize the future burden of HCV-related liver disease.

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“…1,2 HTLV-1 is widespread in the northeast region of Brazil, 3,4 and studies on its origin and dissemination showed that HTLV-1 was recently introduced in this region, most likely through the post-Columbian migrations of the African slave trade between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries. 5,6 HTLV-1 has also been detected in other regions of the country, but with a smaller percentage of cases than in the northeast. 4 The molecular characterization of HTLV-1 in Brazil showed that the Cosmopolitan subtype (a) of transcontinental subgroup A was prevalent, although historical data indicated that the slave trade movement originated from west Africa, where only the western African subgroup (C) circulates.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tax Gene Characterization of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Strains from Brazilian HIV-Coinfected Patients

Magri

Brígido²,

Rodrigues³

et al. 2012

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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The tax gene of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) diverges among isolates according to geographic regions and has been classified into two genotypes: taxA and taxB. In Brazil, taxA is the most prevalent genotype in symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers. Few studies have been conducted in HIV-infected patients. The present study characterized the tax gene (1059 bp) in 13 Brazilian HIV-1/HTLV-1-coinfected patients from the south and southeast regions. The results confirmed the transcontinental HTLV-1 subgroup A of the Cosmopolitan subtype and showed high nucleotide similarity both among Brazilian sequences and in relation to the ATK prototype (99.5% and 99.2%, respectively). Six nucleotide substitutions were highly conserved among isolates, ranging from 76.9% to 100%: C7401T, T7914C, C7920T, C7982T, G8231A, and A8367C. The presence of the Brazilian molecular signature of genotype taxA was confirmed in all of the isolates, and they clustered into two Latin American clusters, which confirms the double introduction of HTLV-1 in Brazil.

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HTLV Type 1 Molecular Study in Brazilian Villages with African Characteristics Giving Support to the Post-Columbian Introduction Hypothesis

Cited by 19 publications

References 18 publications

Seroprevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of HTLV-1 Isolates from HIV-1 Co-Infected Women in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil

Seroprevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of HTLV-1 Isolates from HIV-1 Co-Infected Women in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil

Colonial History and Contemporary Transmission Shape the Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 2 in Amsterdam

Tax Gene Characterization of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Strains from Brazilian HIV-Coinfected Patients

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