http://www.omicsgroup.org/journals/survey-of-the-nurse-staffing-system-including-the-patient-classification-system-and-issues-2167-1168.S5-005.php?aid=12796

Abstract

The study was an exploratory pilot study in which subjects consisted of adolescent mothers and their infants in Japan. Background: Japanese adolescents giving birth to their babies are increasing although only at a rate of 1.4%. They chose to give birth more often instead of abortion than in past years. In Japanese society, it is not easy for an adolescent to be recognized as a mother because their knowledge is not sufficient for parenting and they are not ready to be a mother. They usually need support to be a mother. PurposeThe study examined relationships among adolescent mother-infant interaction, maternal self-esteem, and parenting stress, which affect child development, in order to make recommendations for helping Japanese adolescent mothers in parenting. Methods: The subjects were 10 adolescent mothers and their infants aged 3-12 months (adolescent group) and 10 mothers whose mean age was 28.9 years, the same age range when Japanese women gave birth to their first baby (comparison group). This study examined differences in mother-infant interaction, self-esteem, and parenting stress between the adolescent and comparison groups. Results: Maternal self-esteem had a significant negative correlation with mother-infant interaction and parenting stress. Nursing Child Assessment Feeding Scale scores-especially the "Sensitivity to Cues" subscale-among the adolescent group were significantly lower than those of the comparison group. High parenting stress was influenced by difficulty in understanding about infant and a restraint coming from the parenting role. Conclusion: Delicately reading of child cues and promptly an appropriately responds to them make more attuned mother-infant relationships. The study suggested that adolescent mother-infant relationship has positive correlation of maternal self-esteem and parenting stress, informing recommendations for nurses to replace their negative selfimage of these youth with a positive one, which may ultimately lessen parenting stress.

Antecedent factors of maternal identity among primiparous Thai teenage mothers

“…Moreover, confident mothers who accepted their role were more likely to rate their infants as having an easy temperament and rated themselves as a good caretaker [4,7]. It is possible that this study found SE had a DE on ST and IT compared to previous studies [7,9,21]. However, SE had an indirect effect on MI through ST and IT.…”

“…Third, participants reported a high mean score of SE, indicating that they had higher confidence levels and acceptance of themselves; contrarily, previous findings found adolescent mothers had a lower self-esteem score than adult mothers[7, 9, 23]. Adolescent mother with low self-esteem reported difficulty with identifying as a mother and interacting with their infant[23].…”

“…They represent a risk group that fails in or delays developing MI, as they take longer to attain MI (six to ten months) than adult mothers (three to ten months), with a recorded one-fifth not completing MI adaptation during the one-year postpartum period [7]. First-time adolescent mothers often delay MI development due to immaturity, low self-esteem, low health care knowledge, low self-care behavior and reduced knowledge and skills regarding infant care [3,[7][8][9]. The WHO has developed a home-based maternal and child health campaign to address MI development in primiparous teenage mothers between 4 and 12 months following birth at home.…”

“…In the cases who did not achieve MI, several impacts were presented, e.g. poor parenting quality, high stress and role conflict, reduced ability to perform balanced family functioning, continued difficulty in adapting to motherhood, high risk of abusing or neglecting their children, high risk of illness and poor quality of life, welfare dependency, high risk of the child's delayed development, and high risk of their daughters becoming teenage mothers and continuing the cycle [7,[9][10][11][12][13].…”

Single-Mother Families: An Interactionist Perspective to Examine Cognitive Functioning in Middle Childhood

“…Other studies showed perceived social support (e.g., Umaña-Taylor, Guimond, Updegraff, & Jahromi, 2013), a child's achievement (e.g., Ng, resulting from higher maternal self-esteem. Komoto, Hirose and Okamitsu (2013) found a significant correlation between maternal self-esteem and mother-child interaction and parenting stress, factors that directly correlate with child cognitive functioning (Lukie et al, 2014;Ponnet, et al, 2012).…”