Hubungan Asupan Kalsium, Vitamin D, dan Paparan Sinar Matahari dengan Status Gizi pada Balita Usia 3-5 Tahun

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between calcium intake, vitamin D intake, and sun exposure with the nutritional status of children aged 3-5 years. This was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. Thirty-six subjects were selected by consecutive sampling. Nutritional status was categorized based on weight-for-height z-score (WHZ). Food intake was assessed using the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, sun exposure data was determined by the sun exposure questionnaire, and physical activity was obtained through the Early Years Physical Activity Questionnaire. This study showed no significant relationship between calcium intake (p = 0.541), vitamin D intake (p = 0.267), and sun exposure (p = 0.568) with the nutritional status of children aged 3-5 years. Intake of protein, fat, fiber, and physical activity also showed no significant relationship with the nutritional status of children, whereas energy and carbohydrate intake showed a significant relationship with the nutritional status of children. This study showed no significant relationship between calcium intake, vitamin D intake, and sun exposure and the nutritional status of children aged 3-5 years. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan asupan kalsium, vitamin D dan paparan sinar matahari dengan status gizi balita usia 3-5 tahun. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain cross-sectional. Tiga puluh enam subjek dipilih dengan consecutive sampling. Status gizi dikategorikan berdasarkan z-score berat badan menurut tinggi badan (BB/TB). Data asupan diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan instrumen Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Data paparan matahari didapatkan menggunakan kuesioner paparan sinar matahari, aktivitas fisik diperoleh melalui Early Years Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Pearson (parametrik) dan Rank-Spearman (non-parametrik). Penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara asupan kalsium (p=0,541), asupan vitamin D (p=0,267), dan paparan sinar matahari (p=0,568) dengan status gizi balita usia 3-5 tahun. Asupan protein, lemak, serat, dan aktivitas fisik juga menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan dengan status gizi balita. Sebaliknya asupan energi dan karbohidrat menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan dengan status gizi balita. Penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara asupan kalsium, asupan vitamin D dan paparan sinar matahari dengan status gizi balita usia 3-5 tahun.