Hubungan Prematuritas dan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah dengan Derajat Gangguan Pendengaran pada Anak

Abstract

Abstrak
 Latar Belakang: Gangguan pendengaran sering ditemukan pada anak - anak yang lahir prematur dan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR). Kejadian gangguan pendengaran pada anak di Indonesia dengan prematur dan BBLR adalah 19,3% dan 36,1%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara prematuritas dan BBLR dengan derajat kurang dengar pada anak. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif analitik menggunakan data rekam medik anak dengan kurang dengar di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang tahun 2019 – 2020. Diagnosis gangguan dengar berdasarkan hasil BERA variabel yang diteliti derajat gangguan pendengaran, prematuritas, BBLR. Analisis data dengan uji korelasi. Hasil: Subjek penelitian sebanyak 466 anak. Jenis kelamin didominasi oleh laki – laki 237 (50,9%) dan subyek yang berusia kurang dari 5 tahun sebanyak 406 (87,1%). Faktor risiko kelahiran prematur 23 (4,9%), BBLR 33 (7,1%), prematur disertai BBLR sebanyak 18 (3,9%). Gangguan pendengaran derajat ringan – sedang 111 (23,8%), gangguan pendengaran derajat berat – sangat berat 355(76,2%). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara prematuritas dengan derajat kurang dengar (p = 0,059). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara BBLR dengan derajat kurang dengar (p = 0,158). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara prematuritas dan berat badan lahir rendah dengan derajat kurang dengar (p= 0,046). Kesimpulan:Terdapat hubungan antara prematuritas dan berat badan lahir rendah dengan derajat kurang dengar.
 Kata Kunci: Gangguan Pendengaran, Prematuritas, Berat Badan Lahir Rendah
 Abstrac
 Background: Hearing loss is often found in children born prematurely and with low birth weight (LBW). The incidence of hearing loss in children in Indonesia with preterm and LBW was 19.3% and 36.1%. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between prematurity and LBW with the degree of hearing loss in children. Methods: A descriptive analytic study using medical record data of children with hearing impairment at Dr. Kariadi Semarang in 2019 - 2020. Diagnostic hearing loss is based on BERA. The variables studied were the degree of hearing loss, prematurity, LBW. Data analysis was performed by using correlation test. Result : The subjects were 466 children, 237 men (50.9%) and less than 5 years old 406 (87.1%).Risk factors for preterm birth were 23 (4.9%), LBW 33 (7.1%), premature accompanied by LBW was 18 (3.9%). Mild to moderate degree of hearing loss were 111 (23.8%),hearing loss with a degree of severity - very severe 355 ( 76.2%). There was no relationship between prematurity and degree of hearing loss (p = 0.059). There was no relationship between LBW and the degree of hearing loss (p = 0.158). There was a significant relationship between prematurity and low birth weight and the degree of hearing loss (p = 0.046). Conclusion: There is a relationship between prematurity and low birth weight and the degree of hearing loss.
 Keyword: Hearing Loss, Premature, Low Birth Weight