Human activity influences wildlife populations and activity patterns: implications for spatial and temporal refuges

Lewis, Jesse S.; Spaulding, Susan E.; Swanson, Heather M.; Keeley, William H.; Gramza, Ashley; VandeWoude, Sue; Crooks, Kevin R.

doi:10.1002/ecs2.3487

Cited by 75 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Mule deer, red fox, and striped skunk had a moderate response, with no species having a strong association. This finding is in accordance with previous studies that have found these same species to be human commensals, meaning they are able to co-exist in anthropogenic settings with minimal adaptations or change in habitat use (Goad et al, 2014;Lewis et al, 2021). Another potential explanation for why these species may have increased site use in these areas is the meso-predator release hypothesis, which supports the results of small-to medium-sized mammals showing negative associations with increasing distance from the highway to avoid conflict with larger predators/competitors (Fahrig & Rytwinski, 2009).…”

Section: Community Similarity and Species Richnesssupporting

confidence: 92%

The effects of human development, environmental factors, and a major highway on mammalian community composition in the Wasatch Mountains of northern Utah, USA

Barnick

Green

Pendergast

et al. 2022

Conservat Sci and Prac

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Human development and roads threaten wildlife through distinct mechanisms and understanding the influence of these elements can better inform mitigation and conservation strategies. We used camera traps to quantify the effects of major roads, environmental factors, and human development on the mammalian community composition between sites north and south of a major interstate highway in northern Utah, USA. We found no significant differences in species richness nor community similarity across the north-south divide of the highway. Through Bayesian hierarchical modeling, we compared the effects of the distance to the highway, housing and human population density, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the human footprint index to changes in mammalian community composition and species-specific habitat usage. Community occupancy response, similarity, and species richness were negatively affected by increased housing and human population densities and positively affected by increased NDVI and decreased human footprint, whereas their response to the highway was more inconclusive. We conclude that mammalian community composition in our study area is influenced by both environmental conditions and human development while the effect of the highway was more nuanced, possibly due to the presence of a newly constructed wildlife overpass. Taken together, the lack of differences in species richness or community composition across the highway suggests that it may not currently exacerbate the effects of other anthropogenic sources of habitat fragmentation and highlights the need for additional research into humanwildlife conflict mitigation strategies. Kelsey A. Barnick and Austin M. Green contributed equally to this work and would like to be considered as co-first authors.

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Section: Community Similarity and Species Richnesssupporting

confidence: 92%

The effects of human development, environmental factors, and a major highway on mammalian community composition in the Wasatch Mountains of northern Utah, USA

Barnick

Green

Pendergast

et al. 2022

Conservat Sci and Prac

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“…Both cats and rabbits showed statistically different activity patterns from coyotes. In both cases, the upper bound of the 95% CIs for the coefficient of overlap was <0.90 ( e.g ., Lewis et al, 2021 ) ( Table 3 ). Coyotes in Culver City displayed a primarily nocturnal activity pattern with peaks around 04:00 and 24:00 ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To calculate bootstrap percentile confidence intervals for Δ 4 , we used 10,000 bootstrap samples ( Havmøller et al, 2020 ). Activity patterns were considered significantly different from one another if the upper bound of the 95% confidence interval was <0.90 ( Lewis et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal relationships of coyotes and free-ranging domestic cats as indicators of conflict in Culver City, California

Davenport

Weaver

Weiss

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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As habitat generalists, urban coyote (Canis latrans) populations often utilize an abundance of diverse food sources in cities. Within southern California, domestic cats (Felis catus) comprise a higher proportion of coyote diets than in other studied urban areas throughout the United States. However, it is unclear which ecological factors contribute to higher rates of cat depredation by coyotes in this region. While previous research suggests that coyote presence may have a negative effect on free-ranging domestic cat distributions, few studies have determined whether urban green spaces affect coyote or free-ranging domestic cat occurrence and activity within a predominantly urbanized landscape. We placed 20 remote wildlife cameras across a range of green spaces and residential sites in Culver City, California, an area of Los Angeles County experiencing pronounced coyote-domestic cat conflict. Using data collected across 6 months from 2019–2020, we assessed the influence of green space and prey species (i.e., cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus spp.) and domestic cats) on coyote habitat use and activity. Coyotes exhibited a preference for sites with higher amounts of green space, while domestic cat habitat use was high throughout our study region. Although cottontail rabbit habitat use was also highly associated with urban green space, neither cottontails nor domestic cats appeared to temporally overlap significantly with coyotes. Unlike other cities where coyotes and domestic cats exhibit strong habitat partitioning across the landscape, domestic cats and coyotes spatially overlapped in green space fragments throughout Culver City. We suggest that this pattern of overlap may be responsible for the frequent cases of domestic cat depredation by coyotes in Culver City.

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“…The lion-tailed macaque’s habitat is severely fragmented, with its quality continuing to decline [ 42 , 43 ], and these disruptions can be highly challenging for their survival [ 44 , 45 ]. The disturbance caused by anthropogenic activities can alter time-activity budgets [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. For example, low habitat quality forced Barbary macaques ( Macaca sylvanus ), a species rather closely related to lion-tailed macaques, to spend more time collecting sufficient resources at the cost of resting [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality as a Predictor of Time-Activity Budget in Lion-Tailed Macaques (Macaca silenus)

Kluiver

Jong²,

Massen

et al. 2022

Animals

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Time-activity budget, i.e., how a population or an individual divides their day into various behaviours and activities, is an important ecological aspect. Existing research primarily focused on group-level time-activity budgets, while individual variations have only been reported recently. However, little is known about how consistent inter-individual differences or personalities influence time-activity budgets. We examined the personalities of lion-tailed macaques (Macaca silenus) and investigated their influence on individual time-activity budgets. The resulting personality traits, namely persistence, sociability, affiliation, and anxiety, were used to predict the three broad categories of the time-activity budget—food-related, active, and resting behaviours. We found that persistence and sociability positively predicted the time spent being active. Food-related behaviours were positively predicted by persistence, while anxiety was found to influence them negatively. The time spent resting was negatively predicted by persistence. We did not find an effect of affiliation on the time-activity budgets. We discuss these findings in light of the ecology of lion-tailed macaques. Our study highlights the importance of a novel approach that uses animal personality traits as predictors of individual time-activity budgets and offers insights regarding the use of personality assessments in conservation and welfare activities.

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Human activity influences wildlife populations and activity patterns: implications for spatial and temporal refuges

Abstract: Human activity influences wildlife populations and activity patterns: implications for spatial and temporal refuges.

Cited by 75 publications

References 45 publications

The effects of human development, environmental factors, and a major highway on mammalian community composition in the Wasatch Mountains of northern Utah, USA

The effects of human development, environmental factors, and a major highway on mammalian community composition in the Wasatch Mountains of northern Utah, USA

Spatiotemporal relationships of coyotes and free-ranging domestic cats as indicators of conflict in Culver City, California

Personality as a Predictor of Time-Activity Budget in Lion-Tailed Macaques (Macaca silenus)

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