Human Adrenal Tissue<i>in Vitro</i>: Steroidogenic Properties<sup>1</sup>

Pearlmutter, A. Frances; Franco‐Saenz, Roberto; Rapino, Eloise; Saffran, Murray

doi:10.1210/jcem-39-1-150

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Species specificity may be important in determining the BIO-ACTH/RIA-ACTH ratio observed for high molecular weight forms of ACTH. Species specificity has been reported with «(1-39) size human, porcine, and mouse ACTH (Shapiro et al, 1972;Pearlmutter et al, 1974;Schenkel-Hulliger et al, 1974). The occurrence of degradation of the high molecular weight forms of ACTH during incubation with mouse adrenal tumor cells in the bioassay has not yet been investigated.…”

Section: Pituitarymentioning

confidence: 99%

High molecular weight forms of adrenocorticotropic hormone in the mouse pituitary and in a mouse pituitary tumor cell line

Eipper¹,

Mains²

1975

Biochemistry

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Denaturing solvents have been used to determine the molecular weight of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) activity in mouse pituitary, in an ACTH secreting mouse pituitary tumor cell line (AtT-20/D-16v), and in the tissue culture medium from the pituitary tumor cells. ACTH activity was quantitated by radioimmunoassay and by bioassay. It is possible to utilize guanidine hydrochloride or sodium dodecyl sulfate in characterizing the multiple forms of ACTH because treatment of porcine ACTH (the 39 amino acid polypeptide form of ACTH, alpha(1-39)), pituitary extracts, tumor cell extracts, and tumor cell tissue culture medium with these denaturants does not diminish the immunological ACTH activity. Based on gel filtration in the presence of guanidine hydrocholoride, extracts of the pituitary tumor cells and the mouse pituitary contain three distinct molecular weight classes of ACTH activity. The major form of ACTH has a molecular weight similar to alpha(1-39) (molecular weight 4000-5500), but there are significant amounts of two higher molecular weight forms of ACTH: molecular weight 6500-9000 and molecular weight 20,000-30,000. The 6500-9000 molecular weight form of ACTH is the major form of ACTH in the tissue culture medium; there is no peak of alpha(1-39) size ACTH in the medium. In the radioimmunoasay all three forms of ACTH generate competitive binding curves parallel to that of porcine alpha(1-39); in the bioassay (stimulation of steroidogenesis in a mouse adrenal tumor cell line) the dose response curve for each of the molecular forms of ACTH is parallel to that for porcine alpha(1-39).

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Section: Pituitarymentioning

confidence: 99%

High molecular weight forms of adrenocorticotropic hormone in the mouse pituitary and in a mouse pituitary tumor cell line

Eipper¹,

Mains²

1975

Biochemistry

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“…A large proportion of recent investigations on human adrenal function have been concerned with the enzymology of steroidogenesis (Caiman et al 1966;Cameron 1969;Neville 1969;Carballeira et al 1974;Yates 8c Deshpande 1974, 1975Goodyer et al 1976) or ACTH and cAMP effects on growth and differentiation of human adrenal tissue in vitro (Milner 8c Mills 1970;Milner 8c Villee 1970;Pearlmutter et al 1974;Ross 1974;Armato et al I975a,b). Although cAMP increases steroidogenesis in human foetal (Ross 1974) and adult (Pearlmutler et al 1974) adrenocortical tissue, the ACTH induced tem¬ poral cAMP and steroid response relationships have not been demonstrated in normal human adrenocortical tissue.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

IN VITRO TEMPORAL cAMP AND CORTISOL RESPONSES TO ACTH BY THE NORMAL HUMAN ADRENAL GLAND

Honn

Chavin

1977

Acta Endocrinologica

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The in vitro temporal cAMP and cortisol responses of normal human adrenocortical tissue to ACTH were evaluated. ACTH stimulated rapid increases in cAMP levels and cortisol output, however, significantly increased cAMP levels preceded steroid output only at the higher ACTH doses studied. Cortisol output plateaued with ACTH (10\p=n-\100 mIU/ml) while cAMP levels continued to increase. The findings indicate that the unitary role of cAMP as the second messenger of ACTH action in the human adrenal cannot be assumed from data derived from lower forms and that the mechanism of action of ACTH in the human may be modulated by additional factors. ACTH stimulated cAMP generation, first demonstrated in bovine adreno¬ cortical slices (Haynes 8c Berlhet 1957), precedes a rapid (3 min) increase in steroidogenesis (Grahame-Smith et al. 1967). However, modulation of this sequence has been demonstrated for at high ACTH levels increased cAMP accumulation continues even after steroidogenesis attains a maximal rate (Gra¬ hame-Smith et al. 1967; Beall 8c Sayers 1972). Further, low doses of ACTH stimulate steroidogenesis without detectable cAMP accumulation (Beall 8c Sayers 1972; Bowyer 8c Kitabchi 1974; Kitabchi et al. 1974; Sayers et al. 1974). Other factors may play a role for ACTH increases cGMP levels of mammalian (Kitabchi et al. 1974) and non-mammalian adrenals (Honn 8c Chavin 1975a).These considerations suggest that a number of factors may modulate the action of ACTH so that the unitary role of cAMP as the intracellular second mes¬ senger in the adrenal cortex may be questioned.

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Ultrastructural features of adrenocortical and hypophyseal cells in culture

Rappay

1984

Ultrastructure of Endocrine Cells and Tissues

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Human Adrenal Tissuein Vitro: Steroidogenic Properties¹

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

High molecular weight forms of adrenocorticotropic hormone in the mouse pituitary and in a mouse pituitary tumor cell line

High molecular weight forms of adrenocorticotropic hormone in the mouse pituitary and in a mouse pituitary tumor cell line

IN VITRO TEMPORAL cAMP AND CORTISOL RESPONSES TO ACTH BY THE NORMAL HUMAN ADRENAL GLAND

Ultrastructural features of adrenocortical and hypophyseal cells in culture

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Human Adrenal Tissuein Vitro: Steroidogenic Properties1

Cited by 8 publications

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High molecular weight forms of adrenocorticotropic hormone in the mouse pituitary and in a mouse pituitary tumor cell line

High molecular weight forms of adrenocorticotropic hormone in the mouse pituitary and in a mouse pituitary tumor cell line

IN VITRO TEMPORAL cAMP AND CORTISOL RESPONSES TO ACTH BY THE NORMAL HUMAN ADRENAL GLAND

Ultrastructural features of adrenocortical and hypophyseal cells in culture

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Human Adrenal Tissuein Vitro: Steroidogenic Properties¹