Human amniotic membrane as a multifunctional biomaterial: recent advances and applications

Abstract

The developing fetus is wrapped by a human amniotic membrane or amnion. Amnion is a promising human tissue allograft in clinical application because of its chemical composition, collagen-based, and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix. In addition, amnion contains cells and growth factors; therefore, meets the essential parameters of tissue engineering. No donor morbidity, easy processing and storage, fewer ethical issue, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and non-immunogenic properties are other advantages of amnion usage. For these reasons, amnion can resolve some bottlenecks in the regenerative medicine issues such as tissue engineering and cell therapy. Over the last decades, biomedical applications of amnion have evolved from a simple sheet for skin or cornea repair to high-technology applications such as amnion nanocomposite, powder, or hydrogel for the regeneration of cartilage, muscle, tendon, and heart. Furthermore, amnion has anticancer as well as drug/cell delivery capacity. This review highlights various ancient and new applications of amnion in research and clinical applications, from regenerative medicine to cancer therapy, focusing on articles published during the last decade that also revealed information regarding amnion-based products. Challenges and future perspectives of the amnion in regenerative medicine are also discussed.

Combined Amniotic Membrane and Self-Powered Electrical Stimulator Bioelectronic Dress Promotes Wound Healing

“…The amniotic membrane (AM) is a thin and transparent membrane that lines the amniotic cavity and surrounds the fetus during pregnancy. It possesses unique properties that make it an appealing option for grafting in wound healing . AM contains a significant number of cytokines, essential growth factors, and collagen, all of which support the healing process and reduce pain when applied to a wound .…”

“…It possesses unique properties that make it an appealing option for grafting in wound healing. 16 AM contains a significant number of cytokines, essential growth factors, and collagen, all of which support the healing process and reduce pain when applied to a wound. 17 It has various beneficial effects in wound healing, including antiinflammatory effects, promotion of tissue regeneration, provision of a moist environment for wound healing, protection against infection, reduction of scar formation, and enhancement of vascularization.…”

Assessment of the proteome profile of decellularized human amniotic membrane and its biocompatibility with umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells

“…8 Moreover, amnion has the capacity to deliver cells and has been reported for anticancer activity. 9 The presence of collagens and elastin in the amniotic membrane plays a vital role in the resistance to proteolytic factors as well as in the production of growth factors and cytokines. Growth factors produced by the human amniotic membrane (hAM), promote migration, attachment, and differentiation of cells.…”

“…Amniotic membrane has been used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine as a natural scaffolding material for the healing of chronic wounds, 4 chemical or thermal burns, 5 periodontal therapy, 6 cartilage repair, 7 and bone regeneration 8 . Moreover, amnion has the capacity to deliver cells and has been reported for anticancer activity 9 . The presence of collagens and elastin in the amniotic membrane plays a vital role in the resistance to proteolytic factors as well as in the production of growth factors and cytokines.…”

Osteogenesis Capability of Gelatin-based biomimetic Scaffold containing PRP-loaded Starch Nanoparticles

“…Common biomaterials for transplantation include several categories: autografts (grafts from the patient's own bone), allografts (grafts from human bones), xenografts (grafts from animal bones), and synthetic biomaterials [4][5][6]. Due to the limitations and complications of existing clinical methods, tissue engineering (TE) has been considered as an effective strategy for constructing a suitable structure with the use of biological molecules that induce bone growth and/or precursor or stem cells within the biomimetic matrix that guides bone [7][8][9].…”