Human (and some other primates') uterine teres ligament represents a mammalian developmental novelty

Schoot, P. van der

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0185(199603)244:3<402::aid-ar11>3.0.co;2-t

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In the adult females during reproductive age group, round ligament is found to be predominantly muscular having smooth muscle cells. The smooth muscle of the ligament is continuous with the myometrium of the uterus which is in agreement with the findings of Schäfer, Symington and Bryce(1914) [14], Bunim (1921) [15], Hendricks and Moawad (1965) [9], McVay(1984) [16], Pernoll et al (1987) [17]and Van der Schoot (1996) [1] (Fig. 2,3 &4).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The microscopic structure of adult round ligament has been described in a number of textbooks. Keeping in view the more generally accepted views and the discrepant claims of [17] and Van der Schoot (1996) [1]described that the proximal portion of round ligament had smooth muscle which were anatomically continuous with smooth muscle of uterus. Besides this, it also contained certain amount of connective tissue, small blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The unusual anatomical position may require an unusual construction of the uterine suspensory apparatus of which the round ligament is one component [1]. Its exact role in females has many claims.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in the Histological Structure of Round Ligament of Uterus at Uterine Cornu With Age

Shrivastava¹,

Vatsalaswamy²,

Kumar³

2018

IJAR

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Variation in the Histological Structure of Round Ligament of Uterus at Uterine Cornu With Age

Shrivastava¹,

Vatsalaswamy²,

Kumar³

2018

IJAR

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“…[15][16][17] Schäfer, Symington and Bryce, Bunim, Hendricks and Moawad, McVay, Pernoll et al and Van der Schoot described that the proximal portion of round ligament had smooth muscle which were anatomically continuous with smooth muscle of uterus. 11,[18][19][20][21]1 Besides this, it also contained certain amount of connective tissue, small blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics.…”

Section: Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ligament consists mainly of smooth musculature. 1 According to Ozbey et al round ligament consists of striated and smooth muscle fibres, abundant nerves and vessels. 26 …”

Section: Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphologic and histological differentiation of gubernaculum in female fetus: a cadaveric study

2017

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Background: In both male and female fetuses inguinal canal development entails a complex sequence of anatomic events involving the gubernaculum and processus vaginalis. Much has been written about the embryological development of the genital system, particularly the male genital system and the descent of the testes from the abdominal cavity into the scrotum. In this process, the gubernaculum plays a relevant although still unclear role. Despite all the studies that have been performed, controversy still exists in this anatomical region.Methods: Twenty round ligaments of uterus were dissected from female fetuses and microscopic structure was studied under light microscope using haematoxylin and eosin stain. The specimens were collected from female fetuses (8wks-26wks). One male fetus was also dissected.Results: Gubernaculum plays a crucial role in the development of the inguinal region. The gubernaculum is directly associated with the migration of the testis through the inguinal canal and probably to the scrotum; but the inguinal canal is present before testicular descent and females have both an inguinal canal and gubernaculum, although the ovaries do not migrate through the abdominal wall.Conclusions: In this anatomical region, and despite all the studies that have been performed, controversy still exists. This article attempts to study the morphology and histology and the differentiation of the gubernaculum with age.

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Sex difference in target seeking behavior of developing cremaster muscles and the resulting first visible sign of somatic sexual differentiation in marsupial mammals

1999

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Cremaster muscles are present in both male and female developing and adult marsupial mammals. They are complex structures and composed of several distinct bundles of striated muscle fibers provided with: (1) a distinct and extensive innervation; (2) a distinct blood vascular supply; (3) a distinct tendineous origin on the anterosuperior iliac spine; and (4) distinct target structures. The muscles thus seem to be separate anatomical entities and not a part of one or more of the layers of the ventral abdominal wall musculature. Cremaster muscles in males are elongated, are larger than in females, and for the most part are a component of the funiculus spermaticus. They insert on the distal part of the tunica vaginalis. The distal parts of the muscles in females are flattened ("fan shaped") and insert over a broad area on the dorsal borders of the mammary glands. Muscles in males have no relation whatsoever to the male mammary glandular rudiments. Muscles in females are attached at the base of the uterine round ligament. The remarkable sex difference in target structures of marsupial cremaster muscles becomes noticeable during perinatal life when outgrowing muscles take a different path in males and females. The initial appearance of this sexually dimorphic trait precedes the sexual differentiation of the genital ducts and external genitalia. In fetal males, the cremaster muscles grow in the direction of the site where scrotal bulges initially appear in the subcutaneous layers and later on the inguinal skin surface. They also take the gubernacular core of the ventral abdominal wall and the attached peritoneal epithelium with them during this outgrowth process. Consequently, this results in the development of a slitlike evagination of the abdominal lumen as the primary step to development of the processus vaginalis, while the testis and adjacent mesonephros and its duct are still attached to the posterior abdominal wall. In fetal females, the outgrowing cremaster muscles pass along the gubernacular core and, subsequently, this structure develops further as the tip (attached to the tubo-uterine junction) of the intra-abdominally protruding and further developing uterine round ligament. The female cremaster muscles grow further into caudal direction to shape a dorsal border of the developing mammary glands. The early onset of this sexually dimorphic outgrowth of cremaster muscles indicates that the "classical hormones" of sexual differentiation (anti-Müllerian hormone [AMH] and steroidal androgens) are not involved in this process. It could thus depend on primary genetic control with male development associated with the male-limited activity of genes on the Y-chromosomes and female development as the default process. Alternatively, the process in males could be under the control of an as yet unidentified third fetal testicular hormone involved in sexual differentiation processes which must then show an unexpectely early (i.e., perinatal) onset of its secretion.

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Human (and some other primates') uterine teres ligament represents a mammalian developmental novelty

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Variation in the Histological Structure of Round Ligament of Uterus at Uterine Cornu With Age

Variation in the Histological Structure of Round Ligament of Uterus at Uterine Cornu With Age

Morphologic and histological differentiation of gubernaculum in female fetus: a cadaveric study

Sex difference in target seeking behavior of developing cremaster muscles and the resulting first visible sign of somatic sexual differentiation in marsupial mammals

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