Human–Animal Interaction and Perinatal Mental Health: A Narrative Review of Selected Literature and Call for Research

Abstract

There is a paucity of research exploring how relationships with household pets may impact maternal mental health. We are unaware of any study to date that has examined associations between individuals’ relationships with their pets and psychological adjustment in the perinatal period. Using a biobehavioral lens, this paper provides a narrative overview of the literature on perinatal mental health and human–animal interaction (HAI). We focus on the role of social relationships, stress, and stress reduction in relation to perinatal mental health; the role of HAI in perceptions of social support, stressors, and stress reduction; and gaps in empirical knowledge concerning the role of HAI in perinatal mental health. Finally, we integrate contemporary biobehavioral models of perinatal mental health and HAI (i.e., Comprehensive Model of Mental Health during the Perinatal Period and the HAI–HPA Transactional Model) to propose a new conceptual framework that depicts ways in which HAI during the perinatal period may influence maternal and child health and wellbeing. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to consider the role of HAI in biobehavioral responses and mental health during the perinatal period. We conclude with recommendations for future research and improved perinatal care.

Relationships among Early Adversity, Positive Human and Animal Interactions, and Mental Health in Young Adults

“…These forms of childhood adversity typically involve less perceived threats when compared to direct forms of victimization, such as exposure to intimate partner violence or physical abuse. Indeed, positive human–animal interactions are hypothesized to promote wellbeing by buffering stress both prior to and after activation of the stress response system [ 45 , 46 ] and by providing socioemotional support that aids pet owners in perceiving potential stressors as less threatening [ 47 ]. For example, a recent 2021 study found that emotional comfort derived from pets is associated with mental wellbeing (i.e., self-esteem) at moderate and high levels of victimization but not low levels [ 48 ].…”