Human–Asiatic black bear (<i>Ursus thibetanus</i>) interactions in the Kaghan Valley, Pakistan

Ali, Ashfaq; Waseem, Muhammad; Teng, Mingjun; Ali, Saqib; İshaq, Muhammad; Haseeb, Abdul; Aryal, Achyut; Zhou, Zhixiang

doi:10.1080/03949370.2017.1423113

Cited by 55 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Conflicts between humans and Asiatic black bears have been reported across the whole species' range in Asia, including China (Liu et al 2011;Huang et al 2018), Japan (Saito et al 2008), Pakistan (Ahmad et al 2016;Ali et al 2018), Iran (Ghadirian et al 2017), India (Chauhan 2003), and Bhutan (Sangay & Vernes 2008;Jamtsho & Wangchuk 2016). The most frequently reported type of conflict is crop-raiding, especially of corn, potatoes, and various fruit trees (Figure 15.1).…”

Section: Asiatic Black Bearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bears of the World

2020

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Bears have fascinated people since ancient times. The relationship between bears and humans dates back thousands of years, during which time we have also competed with bears for shelter and food. In modern times, bears have come under pressure through encroachment on their habitats, climate change, and illegal trade in their body parts, including the Asian bear bile market. The IUCN lists six bears as vulnerable or endangered, and even the least concern species, such as the brown bear, are at risk of extirpation in certain countries. The poaching and international trade of these most threatened populations are prohibited, but still ongoing. Covering all bears species worldwide, this beautifully illustrated volume brings together the contributions of 200 international bear experts on the ecology, conservation status, and management of the Ursidae family. It reveals the fascinating long history of interactions between humans and bears and the threats affecting these charismatic species.

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Section: Asiatic Black Bearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bears of the World

2020

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“…Previous studies reported high intensities of human black bears con icts in Pakistan (Ali et al 2017; Kazmi et al 2019;Waseem et al 2020;Zahoor et al 2021c;Zahoor et al 2021d), however, there is no study available on activity pattern of black bears. In Taiwan, it was reported that in oak poor season, bears activity decreased and vice versa (Hwang and Garshelis 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Black bears are often involved in livestock depredation and crop raiding, therefore are usually killed in retaliation by the local people (Charoo et al 2011; Jamtsho and Wangchuk 2016). The con ict starts from late spring that gradually intensi es at the end of autumn and attains its peak when maize (Zea mays) crop, one of its favorite food, is at ripening stage (Ali et al 2017, Kazmi et al 2019Zahoor et al 2021c; Zahoor et al 2021d). People using maize grains as a staple food source and other vegetal parts as fodder for livestock (Zahoor et al, 2021c) come in con ict with black bear during crop raiding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Being an elusive and indicator species, it plays a vital role in the sustainability of an ecosystem (Sathyakumar et al 2013). Black bears are omnivores but they mainly feed on fruits, thus help in seed dispersal which improves the forest quantity and quality (Steinmetz et al 2013;Ali et al 2017;Zahoor et al 2021d).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zea mays) starts to ripen, black bears movements increase out of the forest usually at night that leads to exponential increase in the rate of con icts(Ali et al 2017;Kazmi et al 2019;Zahoor et al 2021c). The results of the camera traps indicated that black bears resumed their activity from late April that gradually increased with time.…”

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Activity pattern of Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in Machiara National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan

Zahoor

Liu

Ahmad

2022

Preprint

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The Asiatic black bear is considered an indicator species of the environment, hence, any change in the environment may alter its activity pattern. We monitored the monthly activity pattern of black bears in the moist temperate forests of Machiara National Park, AJ&K, Pakistan. We used infrared camera traps and indigenous knowledge for data collection from April 2019 to April 2021. Camera traps recorded 109 (inside the forest = 107, outside the forest = 2) independent registrations (IR) within 5541 (692.63 ± 36.72, mean ± SD) camera days. We found that (i) spring and autumn were the lowest activity seasons of black bears inside the forest. (ii) Whereas, the highest activities were recorded in summer with peak activities in August followed by July (χ2 = 203.5, df= 7, P< 0.05). (iii) The activity level sharply declined after August and halted from late November to late April which was clear indication of bears’ hibernation period. We collected indigenous knowledge from 70 selected persons, including hunters, herders, temporary residents and crop raiding victims. We used the data of human observation of latest three years and found that (i) bears remained active from May to November and hibernated rest of the period. (ii) The activities were at their peak inside the forest in summer (May – August) and out of the forest in autumn (September – November) when it preferred to raid the widely cultivated maize crop (Zea mays) in the area. The capturing of black bears by camera traps outside the forest further supported the data provided by local people. Such switching over might have occurred due to the food preferences for Zea mays or easy access to abundant food availability out of the forest area. The current data can help mitigate human black bears conflict and consequently future conservation of black bears in the area.

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Human-Wildlife Conflict in the Western Himalaya: A Systematic Review of Research and Conservation Interventions Implemented Over Three Decades

Sylvia

Sharma

2023

Climate Change Adaptation, Risk Management and Sustainable Practices in the Himalaya

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Human–Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) interactions in the Kaghan Valley, Pakistan

Cited by 55 publications

References 46 publications

Bears of the World

Bears of the World

Activity pattern of Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in Machiara National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan

Human-Wildlife Conflict in the Western Himalaya: A Systematic Review of Research and Conservation Interventions Implemented Over Three Decades

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