Human behavior and performance in deep space exploration: next challenges and research gaps

Abstract

As space exploration missions move from low orbit to distant destinations, including the Moon and Mars, new psychological, behavioral, and team challenges will arise. This manuscript represents an up-to-date white paper developed by European experts invited by the European Space Agency (ESA), mapping unfilled research gaps related to the psychology of space exploration, considering the incoming human missions, and accounting for the available scientific knowledge. ESA created the expert team and facilitated its work, but the team was completely independent in terms of contents. The white paper considers basic issues of adaptation, pre-, during-, and post-mission experiences, and possible countermeasures to be developed and tested. The resulting integrative map provides a guide for researchers that are interested in conducting research in the support of future space exploration endeavors.

Resonance tuning of rhythmic movements is disrupted at short time scales: A centrifuge study

“…As deep space exploration missions are envisaged, the crews will face a different set of challenges, including psychological ones. 6 Our findings advocate for the adoption of more general frameworks that accommodate various information types for decision-making, perception, and action. Moreover, the suggestion to probe short timescale resonance tuning with slow transitions, mitigating central nervous system strain and controlling psychological biases like stress, offers a refined avenue for future investigation.…”

“…These will inevitably face new challenges that will include not only neurobehavioural 5 but also more psychological aspects. 6 …”

Long-term space missions’ effects on the human organism: what we do know and what requires further research

“…Attachment style, interpersonal attitude, motivation, power distance, and individual-collectivism preference should also be considered when selecting astronauts and should be researched, as they are individual features ( Dion, 2004 ). The impact of long-term space missions on the mental state and psychosocial adaptations after a space flight should also be researched ( Pagnini et al, 2023 ). However, animal studies indicate that radiation and cosmic energy are the main cause of the central nervous system disorders and, consequently, the cause of behavioral disorders ( Kiffer et al, 2019 ).…”

Cultivation of Vitamin C-Rich Vegetables for Space-Radiation Mitigation

“…As humans venture farther into the cosmos, it becomes increasingly important to address the physiological challenges associated with extended space missions. Among these challenges, the impact of space radiation and microgravity on human health has emerged as a significant concern [59]. Nutritional balance is crucial for astronaut health and mission success, and nutraceuticals from various sources, such as whole grains, marine algae, edible mushrooms, phytochemicals, vitamins, and minerals, can play a role in protecting cells from radiation-induced injury and oxidative stress.…”