Human Behavior in the Social Environment

Urdang, Esther

doi:10.4324/9780203865538

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…With increasing age, adversity in the social environment becomes less influential, and people increasingly employ those accomplishments in navigating environmental circumstances (Urdang, 2002). By the middle stage of adulthood, capturing ages 40 to 65 years, people are more creative, responsible, and socially integrated (Levinson, 1986).…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Disadvantage and Homicide

2016

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Although research has established economic disadvantage as one of the strongest, most robust predictors of urban violence, the conditions under which this relation holds need further elaboration. This study examines the disadvantage-violence link across age-specific transitional periods from adolescence to adulthood and provides theoretical arguments for why the strength of this relation should decline with age. Using 90 of the largest cities in the United States, the present study analyzes the impact of economic disadvantage and other urban conditions (residential instability, family disruption, and population heterogeneity) on age-specific homicide counts from 1984 to 2006. The analytical strategy incorporates temporal trends by using negative binomial fixed-effects regression models. The results reveal a consistent decline from adolescence to adulthood in the strength of the estimated effects of economic disadvantage, residential instability, and family disruption on homicide trends. The findings are discussed in terms of the implications for future research and public policy.In their landmark study assessing covariates of homicide rates, Land, McCall, and Cohen (1990) examined the use of structural covariates of homicide in 30 years of is an Assistant Professor of criminal justice at Rutgers -Camden. Richard has published on the topics of homicide and intimate partner violence, risk-assessment, recidivism and reentry, and structural predictors of crime and reentry.Kirk R. Williams is the chair of the Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice at the University of Delaware. He has published widely on the causes and prevention of violence, particularly involving youth or adult intimate partners, with the most recent publications addressing bullying, juvenile offending, and domestic violence risk assessment.Karen F. Parker is a Professor in the Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice at the Uuniversity of Delaware. Her current research interests include exploring the influence of macro-level constructs on urban violence, particularly labor markets, racial segregation, immigration and concentrated disadvantage. Much of her recent work has incorporated longitudinal models to examine how changes in these constructs influence homicide rates over time.

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Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%