Human behaviour and evacuation time for large underground comprehensive buildings during fire risk process

Research on the evacuation of people from a road tunnel fire based on a mathematical model

“…The influence of fire products on the evacuation speed of personnel, introduced the concept of equivalent speed in the evacuation process [ 19 ], and quantified the influence of fire products on the evacuation speed of personnel as the temperature influence coefficient and the CO concentration influence coefficient and the visibility influence coefficient , and the calculation formula are given. Equivalent speed is the evacuation speed of people in a fire environment obtained by quantifying the effect of the fire environment on evacuation behavior.…”

“…When a fire occurs, the thermal radiation of the flame and the thermal convection of smoke will lead to an increase in temperature around the fire, and the high temperature will affect the body functions of personnel, making them feel hot, dizzy, and nervous, reducing the evacuation speed. The influence of temperature on the evacuation speed of personnel is calculated according to formula (3) [ 22 ]. In the formula, is the fire temperature, is the velocity of free traffic flow during evacuation, m/s, taken as 1.20 m/s; is the maximum escape velocity, m/s, taken as 1.27 m/s; is the temperature at which people feel uncomfortable, , taken as 30 ; is the temperature at which harm is caused to people, , take 60 is the lethal temperature, ,take 192 .…”