“…The result is that today's scholars are more interested in understanding how to integrate design thinking itself more strategically in organizations (de Paula et al, 2021;Niesten & Stefan, 2019). Most of the other research focuses on how to strategically insert design thinking into the product development process, there is a tendency that in research that identifies organizational factors that can influence how design thinking is implemented, such as leadership characteristics (Baldassarre, Keskin, Diehl, Bocken, & Calabretta, 2020;Dell'Era et al, 2020), skill development (Gheitarani, Nawaser, Hanifah, & Vafaei-Zadeh, 2023), performance systems (Ali & Anwar, 2021), and changing culture (Elsbach & Stigliani, 2018).…”