Human Bioavailability of Vitamins

Bates, Chris; Heseker, H.

doi:10.1079/nrr19940008

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 196 publications

(180 reference statements)

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“…1). Before absorption in the small intestine, the phosphorylated forms of thiamin are completely hydrolysed by different gastro-intestinal phosphatases to free thiamin [31][32]. Thiamin has a relatively rapid turnover in the body, and the total quantity in the organism is approximately 30 mg in human adult and the biological half-life of vitamin ranges from 9 to 18 days [33].…”

Section: Thiamin Bioavailabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Gastaldi et al [42], thiamin reabsorption takes place through a thiamin/H+ exchange mechanism in the early proximal convoluted tubule [31]. The thiamin plasma levels are regulated by the kidney like those of others of organic cations [35,43]: thiamin is actively secreted at high plasma concentrations (>1.25 µmol/L).…”

Section: Other Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relative proportion of metabolites to thiamin excreted, increases with decreasing thiamin intake. Very little is secreted into the bile [31].…”

Section: Excretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physio-Pathological Consequences of Marginal or Severe Thiamin Deficiencies in Western Countries and the Potential of Cereal Products in Their Prevention

Batifoulier¹,

Rémésy²,

Brachet³

et al. 2005

CNF

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Increasing evidence suggests that the diminution of cereals consumption and the increase of more refined products consumption are associated with the apparition of marginal deficiencies in micronutrients such as thiamin. The phosphorylated form of thiamin (TDP) is an important co-enzyme involved in several metabolic reactions, and the consequences of thiamin deficiency (TD) depend on its severity. For example, TD leads to alteration in brain metabolism with a decrease in brain concentrations of TDP, a reduction in activities of TDP-dependent enzymes, an increase of lactate concentration, a reduced tissue pH and a selective loss of neurons. An optimised thiamin supply could also prevent the formation of radical species, protect against metabolic stress and prevent the formation of Advanced Glycation End Products. These observations emphasise the importance of whole cereals, and particularly whole bread, in the prevention of thiamin deficiency. In this view, to get whole bread with maximal nutritional density, several steps of the transformation of grain into bread should be further examined: selection of cultivars with a high thiamin level, use of less refined flours and optimisation of the fermentation process during bread making.

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Section: Thiamin Bioavailabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physio-Pathological Consequences of Marginal or Severe Thiamin Deficiencies in Western Countries and the Potential of Cereal Products in Their Prevention

Batifoulier¹,

Rémésy²,

Brachet³

et al. 2005

CNF

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“…Thiaminases in foods can lead to loss of vitamin activity by destruction of the vitamin, or conversion to a form that is biologically unavailable. Ethanol inhibits intestinal uptake of thiamin by inhibiting intestinal ATPase (Bates and Heseker, 1994).…”

Section: Physiology Deficiency and Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The absorption of free B6 from intestine is, in contrast to other B vitamins, unlimited and not subjected to saturation kinetics. While B6 vitamers in animal foods are well absorbed and bioavailable, a major part of B6 in plant foods is glucosidically bound with a low bioavailability for man (Bates and Heseker, 1994). Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) is a coenzyme for numerous reactions related to protein metabolism, e.g.…”

Section: Vitamins In Milk and Milk Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Dairy Chemistry Volume 3

Fox¹

1997

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Wernicke–Korsakoff Syndrome

Sechi

Fancellu

Doneddu

et al. 2014

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome refers to a life‐threatening encephalopathy due to inadequate supply of thiamine (vitamin B1) to the brain. It is a combination of Wernicke encephalopathy (WE), an acute neuropsychiatric disorder fully responsive to prompt and adequate thiamine replacement, and Korsakoff syndrome (KS), the chronic, irreversible form of WE that does not remit with thiamine treatment. Thiamine deficiency can occur in any condition of unbalanced nutrition that lasts for 2–3 weeks. These include poor nutrition, chronic alcohol misuse, loss of thiamine owing to recurrent vomiting or malabsorption, increased thiamine requirements owing to chronic diseases, prolonged and excessive carbohydrate intake and gastrointestinal surgical procedures, in particular, patients after bariatric surgery. The diagnosis is clinical and is mainly supported by the dramatic improvement of neurological signs to parenteral thiamine. Neuroimaging studies are useful to confirm the diagnosis of both WE and KS. Patients with suspected thiamine deficiency should be treated immediately with parenteral thiamine at the doses deemed to be effective in the treatment of WE and prevention of KS. Key Concepts: Thiamine deficiency can occur in a myriad of clinical settings that include malnutrition, malabsorption and increased metabolism and in patients following bariatric surgery. A thiamine deficiency that lasts for 2 to 3 weeks leads to Wernicke encephalopathy, an acute, life‐threatening disorder that is a medical emergency. Wernicke encephalopathy is fully responsive to prompt and adequate thiamine replacement. Untreated or inadequately treated Wernicke encephalopathy may lead to Korsakoff syndrome, a chronic amnesic encephalopathy that does not remit with thiamine treatment. The goal of treatment of Wernicke encephalopathy is the immediate administration of high doses of parenteral thiamine deemed sufficient to prevent Korsakoff syndrome.

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Human Bioavailability of Vitamins

Cited by 22 publications

References 196 publications

Physio-Pathological Consequences of Marginal or Severe Thiamin Deficiencies in Western Countries and the Potential of Cereal Products in Their Prevention

Physio-Pathological Consequences of Marginal or Severe Thiamin Deficiencies in Western Countries and the Potential of Cereal Products in Their Prevention

Advanced Dairy Chemistry Volume 3

Wernicke–Korsakoff Syndrome

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