Human body measurement with the iPhone 12 Pro LiDAR scanner

Mikalai, Zamotsin; Dyagilev, A. S.; Hawas, Hafez S.; Tеtiana, Нolovenko; Shovkomud, Oleksandr

doi:10.1063/5.0078310

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The laser emits a grid of 12 × 12 infrared dots which then shift position to create an overall larger pattern of dots (Figure 2). These individual laser dots bounce off surrounding objects and surfaces, ultimately returning to the sensor [20]. Developers may access these data to create a 3D model based on the depth map and photographic information [21].…”

Section: Iphone Lidar Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although only a few years old, several studies have examined the application of the iPhone LiDAR scanning technology to forensic investigations. Human body measurements including autopsy documentation by forensic pathologists tested the iPhone LiDAR scanner with success [14,20,21]. Maiese et al [21] concluded several notable advantages including ease of operation, no specialized skills necessary, affordability, and improved jury comprehension during trials [22].…”

Section: Iphone Lidar Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A release by Apple Computers in the fall of 2020 introduced the world to the first smartphone with a built‐in LiDAR system [20]. The laser emits a grid of 12 × 12 infrared dots which then shift position to create an overall larger pattern of dots (Figure 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Assessing iPhone LiDAR & Recon‐3D for determining area of origin in bloodstain pattern analysis

Stevenson,

Liscio

2024

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) has proven to be a useful tool in forensic and criminal investigations for quite some time. Traditionally, documenting a crime scene for a bloodletting event was completed using manual techniques, physical strings, and a tape measure. In more recent years, laser scanners and 3D software programs have become a preferred method to capture accurate data that improves the validity and reliability of BPA. The initial cost of laser scanning equipment is relatively high, rendering these systems inaccessible to some police and smaller agencies. Recon‐3D is a newly developed iPhone application that utilizes the iPhone LiDAR sensor in combination with video data to create 3D point clouds of crime scenes. To assess the viability of Recon‐3D for area of origin analysis, two tests were performed. One was a series of bloodstain impacts which were analyzed in FARO Zone 3D software, while the second was a series of 6 repeated Recon‐3D scans of two 90‐degree walls which was then compared to the FARO Focus S350 scanner using CloudCompare software. A total of eight impact patterns were made at three different distances from a wall. The area of origin was measured and compared to the known location of the blood source. The average total 3D error for the area of origin set at 25, 50, and 100 cm from two perpendicular walls was found to be 6.04, 15.16, and 36.59 cm, respectively. These results are similar to past studies where programs such as HemoSpat have been used. The results of the point cloud comparison show that on average, 95% of the points from Recon‐3D fall below a threshold of 3.6 mm when compared to a FARO Focus S350 laser scanner. Thus, the results of this test suggest that Recon‐3D is an accurate and affordable scanning application for bloodstain patterns at crime scenes and the data provide acceptable results for area of origin analysis in BPA programs which accept laser scanner data.

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Section: Iphone Lidar Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Iphone Lidar Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Assessing iPhone LiDAR & Recon‐3D for determining area of origin in bloodstain pattern analysis

Stevenson,

Liscio

2024

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…The sensor was added to the iPhone to improve low-light focusing for photography and video and for applications in augmented and virtual reality environments. While numerous authors have explored this sensor for instantaneous distance measurements [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ] and 3D reconstruction of static objects [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ], few have characterized the sensor for direct measurement of vibrations in deformable bodies. This paper addresses the gap in the existing literature concerning the capabilities and limitations of the Apple LiDAR sensing system for measuring time-varying deformations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the iPhone LiDAR-Based Sensing System for Vibration Measurement and Modal Analysis

Tondo,

Riley,

Morgenthal

2023

Sensors

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Portable depth sensing using time-of-flight LiDAR principles is available on iPhone 13 Pro and similar Apple mobile devices. This study sought to characterize the LiDAR sensing system for measuring full-field vibrations to support modal analysis. A vibrating target was employed to identify the limits and quality of the sensor in terms of noise, frequency, and range, and the results were compared to a laser displacement transducer. In addition, properties such as phone-to-target distance and lighting conditions were investigated. It was determined that the optimal phone-to-target distance range is between 0.30 m and 2.00 m. Despite an indicated sampling frequency equal to the 60 Hz framerate of the RGB camera, the LiDAR depth map sampling rate is actually 15 Hz, limiting the utility of this sensor for vibration measurement and presenting challenges if the depth map time series is not downsampled to 15 Hz before further processing. Depth maps were processed with Stochastic Subspace Identification in a Monte Carlo manner for stochastic modal parameter identification of a flexible steel cantilever. Despite significant noise and distortion, the natural frequencies were identified with an average difference of 1.9% in comparison to the laser displacement transducer data, and high-resolution mode shapes including uncertainty ranges were obtained and compared to an analytical solution counterpart. Our findings indicate that mobile LiDAR measurements can be a powerful tool in modal identification if used in combination with prior knowledge of the structural system. The technology has significant potential for applications in structural health monitoring and diagnostics, particularly where non-contact vibration sensing is useful, such as in flexible scaled laboratory models or field scenarios where access to place physical sensors is challenging.

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Interactive Marketing with Virtual Commerce Tools: Purchasing Right Size and Fitted Garment in Fashion Metaverse

Idrees¹,

Vignali²,

Gill³

2023

The Palgrave Handbook of Interactive Marketing

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Human body measurement with the iPhone 12 Pro LiDAR scanner

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Assessing iPhone LiDAR & Recon‐3D for determining area of origin in bloodstain pattern analysis

Assessing iPhone LiDAR & Recon‐3D for determining area of origin in bloodstain pattern analysis

Characterization of the iPhone LiDAR-Based Sensing System for Vibration Measurement and Modal Analysis

Interactive Marketing with Virtual Commerce Tools: Purchasing Right Size and Fitted Garment in Fashion Metaverse

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