Human Bone Marrow During the Last Three Months of Intrauterine Life

Kalpaktsoglou, Pitsa K.; Emery, John L.

doi:10.1159/000209447

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Although not conclusive, this observation, along with our immunohistochemical findings, supports the hypothesis that the change in BM hematopoietic activity resulting in increased lymphocyte percentages is triggered by birth (and presumably antigen exposure) rather than by a specific GA. This theory is further supported by prior work by other authors who have not reported increased percentages of lymphocytes in the BM of deceased thirdtrimester fetuses [8].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Benign B-Cell Precursors (Hematogones) Are the Predominant Lymphoid Population in the Bone Marrow of Preterm Infants

Rimsza

Douglas²,

Tighe³

et al. 2004

Neonatology

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Bone marrow (BM) findings in 3rd-trimester stillborns and full-term living neonates have been previously described. However, there is no information regarding BM composition in living preterm infants. Specifically, it is unknown whether the BM lymphocytosis seen in full-term infants at 1–4 weeks of age also occurs in preterm infants. Furthermore, the lineage of these cells has never been investigated. We used a panel of immunohistochemical stains to characterize the BM composition in 11 neonates (8 living and 3 deceased). Unlike in the other age groups, immature B cells (hematogones) were the most common lymphoid population, accounting for 10–60% (mean 34%) of all cells. In two additional cases (both living patients), flow cytometry revealed a level of 3.8% of immature B cells in a <1-week-old neonate and 25.7% in a 19-week-old infant. Immature B cells were not identified in 6 peripheral blood samples from preterm neonates. These findings are pertinent for the interpretation of BM and peripheral blood samples in this age group as survival improves and diagnostic samples become more common.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Benign B-Cell Precursors (Hematogones) Are the Predominant Lymphoid Population in the Bone Marrow of Preterm Infants

Rimsza

Douglas²,

Tighe³

et al. 2004

Neonatology

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“…Anatomophysiological data (8,20) support the latter hypothesis. This observation also further supports the absence of maternal contamination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Hematological Values of 163 Normal Fetuses between 18 and 30 Weeks of Gestation

et al. 1986

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ABSTRACT. Utilizing an easy and safe ~rocedure for fetal MATERIALS AND METHODSblood sampling in utero we have studied 409 fetuses for prenatal diagnosis of rubella, toxoplasmosis, hemophilia, and hemoglobinopathies. Retrospectively we selected 163 fetuses confirmed as normal at birth and tested between 18 and 30 wk of gestation to establish normal hematological parameters and to follow the evolution of erythropoiesis, differential counts, hemoglobin synthesis, and hemostasis. Total white blood cell and platelet counts did not change during this period. Our knowledge of fetal hematology is limited due to the fact that most earlier studies were performed on aborted fetuses or under sampling conditions which may have altered hematological values. Moreover, only a few hematological values during gestation have been published (1). Having developed an easy and safe technique for fetal blood sampling, we selected retrospectively for this study 163 fetuses born healthy at full term delivery to establish reference fetal hematological values using standardized methods. To date no fetal loss or premature labor has been attributed to these fetal samplings.Sampling procedure. The fetal sampling method has been described in detail previously (2, 3). A real time ultrasound scanner (ATL MARK 111) was used to locate the umbilical cord insertion on the placenta and to determine the best route of access to it without fetal interposition. The transducer was then maintained immobile while, under aseptic conditions, local anesthesia was performed with 1 % xylocaine into the anterior abdominal wall at the chosen puncture site. No /3-mimetic drugs or other medication were used prior to the procedure. A 20-gauge spinal needle (10 or 13 cm long), filled with 0.129 M sodium citrate solution and fixed to a 2 ml disposable syringe containing 0.1 ml of this solution, was introduced into the plane of the ultrasound sector near the transducer. The needle tip emitted a clearly visible echo and its progress toward the insertion of the cord was followed on the scope. The vein of the cord was punctured about 1 cm from its insertion.Immediately after the first d r o~ of blood was obtained, the syringe was replaced by a new one containing no additive. The blood sample was immediately transferred into special tubes containing adequate anticoagulant for biological studies. The duration of the entire procedure was less than 10 min in 90% of the cases, and the automated evaluations of hematological parameters were completed within 30 min.Patients. We studied 409 pregnancies and 435 fetal blood samplings were camed out (26 repetitive samplings) with the approval of the ethics committee of the hospital, the medical expert panel, and the informed consent of the patients. The fetal samplings were conducted for the prenatal diagnosis of toxoplasmosis (285 cases), rubella (37 cases), or hemophilia (30 cases), for rapid fetal karyotyping (32 cases), or for diagnosis of other miscellaneous conditions (25 cases). Medical abortions of affected fetuses were perfor...

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“…(This objection, of course, applies equally to all current theories which ascribe clubbing to a factor normally inactivated by the lungs). Megakaryocytes are present in near normal amounts in fetal bone marrow in the last months ofpregnancy [90], though in mid-pregnancy they have been noted to be somewhat smaller (14-15 p diameter) than in the adult (18-21 p diameter) [91]. In the newborn, also, venous cord blood contains MKs which are significantly smaller than MKs of adults [92], though this could be due to stripping of cytoplasm during passage of blood through the placenta (see below).…”

Section: Objections To the Megakaryocyte/platelet Clump Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The aetiology of clubbing and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

Dickinson

1993

Eur J Clin Investigation

133

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Abstract. The evidence is reviewed for the hypothesis that clubbing and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy are due to the peripheral impaction of megakaryocytes and platelet clumps in the fingers and toes, to which this particulate matter has passed in an axial stream. The normal pulmonary vascular bed retains these large particles, which fragment before entering the systemic circulation. A right-to-left shunt allows them to bypass the pulmonary vascular bed. A preliminary histological report of platelet clumps seen at necropsy in nail bed capillaries of clubbed fingers supports the hypothesis. Platelets contain and release platelet-derived growth factor, whose known effects could explain all the pathological changes in clubbing. In addition to explaining why clubbing should occur in cyanotic congenital heart disease, clubbing in sub-acute bacterial endocarditis and distal to infected arterial grafts and aneurysms can be understood in terms of platelet clumps breaking off valves or arterial walls, and passing distally. Clubbing in liver disease is associated with multiple small pulmonary arteriovenous anastomoses which allow large particles through. Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy probably shares the same mechanism, and is mainly attributable to PDGF release; but there may also be altered platelet function and an additional growth factor derived from the lungs.

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Human Bone Marrow During the Last Three Months of Intrauterine Life

Cited by 18 publications

References 5 publications

Benign B-Cell Precursors (Hematogones) Are the Predominant Lymphoid Population in the Bone Marrow of Preterm Infants

Benign B-Cell Precursors (Hematogones) Are the Predominant Lymphoid Population in the Bone Marrow of Preterm Infants

Hematological Values of 163 Normal Fetuses between 18 and 30 Weeks of Gestation

The aetiology of clubbing and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

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