2019
DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07728f
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Human bone probed by neutron diffraction: the burning process

Abstract: The first neutron diffraction study of human burned bone – for understanding heat-induced changes, relevant for archaeology, biomaterials and forensic science.

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Cited by 8 publications
(15 citation statements)
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“…Anaerobic burning in an unsealed container was performed at the ISIS Facility (Didcot, United Kingdom) (on the General Materials instrument) 31 -powdered samples of each bone fragment were placed in vanadium containers of 11 mm diameter and 0.15 mm wall thickness, with a perforated lid allowing venting of volatiles. Each container was inserted into a furnace, which was evacuated to < 10 -3 mbar and heated up to 1000 °C in steps of 100 °C, at a heating rate of 100 • C/min and with a holding time of 1 h at each step.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Anaerobic burning in an unsealed container was performed at the ISIS Facility (Didcot, United Kingdom) (on the General Materials instrument) 31 -powdered samples of each bone fragment were placed in vanadium containers of 11 mm diameter and 0.15 mm wall thickness, with a perforated lid allowing venting of volatiles. Each container was inserted into a furnace, which was evacuated to < 10 -3 mbar and heated up to 1000 °C in steps of 100 °C, at a heating rate of 100 • C/min and with a holding time of 1 h at each step.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A particular advantage is that the very low energy range (0-400 cm −1 ) is readily accessible by this technique. It therefore enables the detection of transformations within bone´s inorganic matrix associated with alterations in microcrystallinity, revealing any changes in the H-bond pattern that are prone to occur upon heating events 31 .…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…In addition to having no selection rules, it allows access to the very low energy range of the spectrum (0–400 cm −1 ) with high sensitivity, thus enabling the detection of vibrational features arising from bone's inorganic framework [ 18 , 24 , 28 ]. A few initial reports on the application of INS to the analysis of unburned faunal bone [ 36 38 ] were later extended by the authors to human burned skeletal remains [ 18 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 26 , 28 , 35 , 39 ]. (A more extensive description of INS is given in the electronic supplementary material.)…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hence, the investigation of these samples can provide valuable evidence regarding the circumstances of death, the environmental setting where the specimens were found, or the habits and funerary practices of ancient civilizations. Neutron diffraction methods have recently been used for the analysis of human skeletal remains, namely bones that are subjected to burning (known to undergo heat-prompted variations [48,49]), with a view of determining the phases and chemical composition of the bone at particular temperatures [50]. Finally, elastic scattering of neutrons at small and ultra-small angles, SANS and USANS, respectively, is used as a non-destructive technique to study the structure of materials at the mesoscopic scale [52].…”
Section: Neutron Elastic Scatteringmentioning
confidence: 99%