Human brain tumor xenografts in nude mice as a chemotherapy model

Targeting Human Medulloblastoma: Oncolytic Virotherapy with Myxoma Virus Is Enhanced by Rapamycin

“…The lipophilic nature of rapamycin enables it to easily cross the blood-brain barrier. Rapamycin has low toxicity and can directly inhibit brain tumor growth by blocking tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30), in addition to its enhancement of myxoma virus tropism. Because it has already been used in the clinic (23), rapamycin is immediately available for use in clinical trials designed to evaluate its efficacy in combination with myxoma virus or other oncolytic viruses of interest.…”

“…Inhibitors of mTOR, such as rapamycin, RAD001, and CCI-779, have been evaluated as novel agents for brain tumor therapy (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). However, rapamycin alone produces only partial responses in medulloblastoma (26) and some brain tumor cell lines are resistant to rapamycin (27,28).…”

Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibition

“…As stated previously, early work evaluating the immunosuppressive activity of rapamycin also demonstrated antitumor activity (5,6), but this was not initially further evaluated. Subsequently, studies in rhabdomyosarcoma cells suggested an antitumor effect, particularly in cells that required stimulation by insulin-like growth factor (8).…”

Identification of a Highly Effective Rapamycin Schedule that Markedly Reduces the Size, Multiplicity, and Phenotypic Progression of Tobacco Carcinogen–Induced Murine Lung Tumors

“…-15). B, phosphorylation of S6 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in untreated controls (1-3), 4 h after treatment (4-6 and 10-12), or following the washout period of 72 h (7-9) or 48 h (13)(14)(15). Mean rapamycin blood levels (ng/mL) for each group (right).…”