Human brucellosis in South Africa: Public health and diagnostic pitfalls

Wojno, Justyna; Moodley, Clinton; Pienaar, Jaco; Beylis, Natalie; Jacobsz, Lourens; Nicol, Mark P.; Rossouw, Jennifer; Bamford, Colleen

doi:10.7196/samj.2016.v106i9.11020

Cited by 18 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…For the first time B. melitensis bv 2 and 3 were also isolated from cattle tissue. In the past B. melitensis bv 1 has been isolated from goats (Reichel et al., ) and humans (Wojno et al., ), while B. melitensis bv 3 was isolated from sable in 2007 and 2015 as documented by DAFF () and van Heerden (unpublished results).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…B. melitensis has been isolated from sable antelope (DAFF, ) and biotyped as B. melitensis bv 3 (unpublished results). Brucella melitensis was isolated and reported in humans in the Western Cape province in 2015 (Wojno et al., ) and biotyped as B. melitensis bv 1 (van Heerden unpublished data). Furthermore, Caine et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the first time B. melitensis bv 2 and 3 were also isolated from cattle tissue. In the past B. melitensis bv 1 has been isolated from goats (Reichel et al, 1996) and humans (Wojno et al, 2016), with S19 is unknown as the vaccine producer of S19 (Onderstepoort Biological Products) only indicate overall total vaccine sold. There was also a period when B. abortus S19 vaccine was unavailable (DAFF, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B. melitensis has been isolated from sable antelope (DAFF, 2015) and biotyped as B. melitensis bv 3 (unpublished results). Brucella melitensis was isolated and reported in humans in the Western Cape province in 2015 (Wojno et al, 2016) and biotyped as B. melitensis bv 1 (van Heerden unpublished data). In future studies, the impure culture could be purified by picking multiple colonies resulting from the same animal and speciating the pure cultures using PCR followed by biotyping.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence and characterization of Brucella species in cattle slaughtered at Gauteng abattoirs, South Africa

Kolo

Adesiyun

Fasina

et al. 2019

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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BackgroundBrucellosis is an infectious and contagious zoonotic bacterial disease of both humans and animals. In developing countries where brucellosis is endemic, baseline data on the prevalence of brucellosis, using abattoir facilities, is important.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against Brucella in slaughter cattle at Gauteng province, South Africa and to characterize isolates of Brucella spp.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, un‐clotted blood samples with corresponding organ tissue samples were collected from slaughtered cattle. Serological [Rose Bengal test (RBT), complement fixation test (CFT) and indirect ELISA (iELISA)], molecular (PCR) and bacteriological methods were used to detect Brucella antibodies and Brucella spp. from 200 slaughtered cattle in 14 abattoirs.ResultsThe RBT revealed a seroprevalence of brucellosis as 11.0% (22 of 200) and iELISA confirmed 5.5% (11 of 200). The estimated seroprevalence from RBT and iELISA was 5.5% while RBT and CFT was 2.0% (4 of 200). Brucella melitensis (n = 6) and B. abortus (n = 5) were isolated from 11 cattle tissues (5.5%) as confirmed to species level with AMOS PCR and differentiated from vaccine strains with Bruce‐ladder PCR. Seven of the 11 isolates originated from seropositive cattle of which five were biotyped as B. abortus bv 1 (n = 2) and B. melitensis bv 2 (n = 1) and B. melitensis bv 3 (n = 2).ConclusionsThis is the first documentation of B. melitensis in cattle in South Africa. The zoonotic risk of brucellosis posed by Brucella‐infected slaughter cattle to abattoir workers and consumers of improperly cooked beef cannot be ignored.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence and characterization of Brucella species in cattle slaughtered at Gauteng abattoirs, South Africa

Kolo

Adesiyun

Fasina

et al. 2019

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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“…Research studies say that, in general, the prevalence of brucellosis is unknown in sub-Saharan Africa because of the low information reported by epidemiological surveillance services. However, in some countries, the literature considers the possible existence of hyperendemia, being notified, for example in countries such as South Africa, approximately 5,000 human cases every year 16,17,28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and factors associated with human brucellosis in livestock professionals

2017

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OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to estimate the seroprevalence of human brucellosis in livestock professionals and analyze the factors associated with brucellosis focusing on sociodemographic variables and the variables of knowledge and practices related to the characteristics of the activities carried out in livestock.METHODS This is a cross-sectional seroepidemiological study with a population of 131 workers of butchers, slaughter rooms, and slaughterhouse and 192 breeders sampled randomly in Namibe province, Angola. The data were obtained from the collection of blood and use of questionnaires. The laboratory tests used were rose bengal and slow agglutination. The questionnaire allowed us to collect sociodemographic information and, specifically on brucellosis, it incorporated questions about knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of livestock professionals. In addition to the descriptive statistical approach, we used the Chi-square test of independence, Fisher’s test, and logistic regression models, using a significance level of 10%.RESULTS The general weighted prevalence of brucellosis was 15.6% (95%CI 13.61–17.50), being it 5.3% in workers and 16.7% (95%CI 11.39–21.93) in breeders. The statistical significance was observed between human seroprevalence and category (worker and breeder) (p < 0.001) and education level (p = 0.032), start of activity (p = 0079), and service location (p = 0.055). In a multivariate context, the positive factor associated with brucellosis in professionals was the professional category (OR = 3.54; 95%CI 1.57–8.30, related to breeders in relation to workers).CONCLUSIONS Human brucellosis in livestock professionals is prevalent in Namibe province (15.6%), where the professional category was the most important factor. The seroprevalence levels detected are high when compared with those found in similar studies.

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A retrospective study (2007–2015) on brucellosis seropositivity in livestock in South Africa

Kolo

Adesiyun

Fasina

et al. 2020

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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In South Africa, brucellosis testing and record‐keeping are done by several laboratories, thus it is difficult to access any organized data to assess the status of the disease. This study evaluated the seropositivity for brucellosis using Rose Bengal test and complement fixation test in suspect cattle, sheep, goats and pigs sera submitted to Bacterial Serology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Council‐Onderstepoort Veterinary Research (ARC‐OVR) from nine provinces in the country during the period 2007–2015. This retrospective data analysis was conducted to estimate the occurrence of brucellosis in the country from the submitted samples, identify variables that affected seropositivity for brucellosis, investigate existing gaps in data recording and make recommendations on important variables to facilitate better data capture and inferences on brucellosis. Nine years of data were collated and analysed to detect association (seropositivity over time regarding animal species and location). Of the 764,276 animals tested, the distribution of samples was 90.50% (691,539/764,276), 5.19% (39,672/764,276), 3.92% (29,967/764,276) and 0.41% (3,098/764,276) for cattle, sheep, goats and pigs, respectively. The seropositivity for brucellosis by animal species was 6.31% (43,666/691,539, 95% CI: 6.26–6.37), 2.09% (828/39,672, 95% CI: 1.95–2.23), 0.63% (189/29,967, 95% CI: 0.55–0.73) and 0.13% (4/3,098, 95% CI: 0.05–0.33) in cattle, sheep, goats and pigs respectively. The data available did not capture information on the age, sex, breed and other host risk factors that would have been related to seropositivity for brucellosis. The data provide an understanding of the disease occurrence and confirm that brucellosis is enzootic in South Africa. Improved and standardized data collection can be used to pro‐actively drive, monitor, change or formulate policies to mitigate the challenges brought about by brucellosis in the livestock sector in South Africa.

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Human brucellosis in South Africa: Public health and diagnostic pitfalls

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Seroprevalence and characterization of Brucella species in cattle slaughtered at Gauteng abattoirs, South Africa

Seroprevalence and characterization of Brucella species in cattle slaughtered at Gauteng abattoirs, South Africa

Prevalence and factors associated with human brucellosis in livestock professionals

A retrospective study (2007–2015) on brucellosis seropositivity in livestock in South Africa

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