Human calorimeter with a new type of gradient layer.

Spinnler, G. E.; Jéquier, E; Favre, R.; Dolivo, M; A, Vannotti

doi:10.1152/jappl.1973.35.1.158

Cited by 50 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…An isothermal calorimeter consists of a chamber lined with a layer of insulating material 25 . The inner aspect of the layer is in thermal equilibrium with the inside of the chamber and the outside aspect of the layer is in thermal equilibrium with the chamber wall, which is maintained at a constant temperature using circulating fluid.…”

Section: Isothermal Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of energy expenditure

Levine

2005

Public Health Nutr.

293

199

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Measurement of energy expenditure in humans is required to assess metabolic needs, fuel utilisation, and the relative thermic effect of different food, drink, drug and emotional components. Indirect and direct calorimetric and non-calorimetric methods for measuring energy expenditure are reviewed, and their relative value for measurement in the laboratory and field settings is assessed. Where high accuracy is required and sufficient resources are available, an open-circuit indirect calorimeter can be used. Open-circuit indirect calorimeters can employ a mask, hood, canopy or room/chamber for collection of expired air. For short-term measurements, mask, hood or canopy systems suffice. Chamber-based systems are more accurate for the long-term measurement of specified activity patterns but behaviour constraints mean they do not reflect real life. Where resources are limited and/or optimum precision can be sacrificed, flexible total collection systems and non-calorimetric methods are potentially useful if the limitations of these methods are appreciated. The use of the stable isotope technique, doubly labelled water, enables total daily energy expenditure to be measured accurately in free-living subjects. The factorial method for combining activity logs and data on the energy costs of activities can also provide detailed information on free-living subjects.

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Section: Isothermal Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of energy expenditure

Levine

2005

Public Health Nutr.

293

199

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“…As with floẇ calorimetry, effluent air must be analysed for changes in water vapour content in order to account for evaporative heat loss which is particularly important for studies involving exercise and the accurate determination of DH b . Gradient layer calorimetry has been used by several prominent researchers for various clinical and thermophysiologic applications (Jequier, 1975;McManus et al, 1984;Meis et al, 1994;Seale and Rumpler, 1997;Seale et al, 1991;Spinnler et al, 1973).…”

Section: Gradient Layer Calorimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Determination of Changes in Body Heat Content during Exercise Using Calorimetry and Thermometry

Jay

Kenny

2007

JHES

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Following the onset of exercise there is a sudden increase in metabolic heat production that cannot be initially offset by the body's heat loss mechanisms. During this thermal imbalance a change in body heat content (DH b ) occurs. The only way the value for DH b can be truly determined is by performing simultaneous direct measurements of the rates of heat production and heat loss. There are several calorimetric methods that can be used to quantify these values. The most accurate and simple method for measuring the rate of heat production is by separately calculating the energy released from the oxidation of fats and carbohydrates using indirect calorimetry, while direct air flow calorimetry provides the most accurate and responsive measurement of total body heat loss. Thermometry is often used as a surrogate for calorimetry by estimating mean body temperature and subsequently deriving a value for DH b . The most common thermometry approach, the 2-compartment model of "core" and "shell" temperature, has been demonstrated to greatly underestimate DH b . The inclusion of a third compartment representing the thermal influences of muscle tissue has been demonstrated to provide a better thermometric estimation of DH b ; however this requires the invasive measurement of intramuscular temperature. A modified 2-compartment thermometry model incorporating an "adjustment factor" correcting for the underestimation of the traditional model for DH b appears to be the most practical alternative. Further research is required to develop thermometry model for the better estimation of DH b under various conditions.

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“…Both direct [Day and Hardy, 1942;Benzinger and Kitzinger, 1963;Spinnler et al, 1973;Sauer et al, 1984a] and indirect calo rimetry [Day, 1943;Gentz et al, 1976;Mestyan, 1978;Brooke et al, 1979;Reichman et al, 1982Reichman et al, , 1983Ches sex et al, 1983Ches sex et al, , 1984Sauer et al, 1984b;Whyte et al, 1983;Putet et al, 1984;Catzeflis et al, 1985;Freymond et al, 1986] are established techniques which, in the last 10 years, have been updated with modern elec tronic equipment and computerisation with resulting improvements in accuracy. An in strumental accuracy within 2% is now possi ble for indirect calorimetry, although biolog ical variation is greater.…”

Section: New Techniques and Directions In Neonatal Nutritional Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Perspectives in Neonatal Nutrition

Swyer¹

1987

Neonatology

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Modern techniques of cardiopulmonary life support, particularly for very low birthweight infants and those suffering from major surgical conditions, has presented the neonatologist with a completely new population of infants for whom continued survival and further normal physical and mental growth and development are critically dependent on adequate nutrition. The uncertainties surrounding the definition of ‘adequacy’ as well as the techniques and difficulties of its attainment and assessment are exposed. This paper examines desirable goals to be aimed for in the nutrition of the neonate in relation to genetic potential for growth, development and body composition. There is discussion of current research into the intermediary metabolism and utilisation of macronutrients and certain minerals for energy production and tissue growth and of methodology for determining body composition. The editor has also allowed a certain licence for speculation concerning future directions in neonatal nutrition.

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Human calorimeter with a new type of gradient layer.

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

Measurement of energy expenditure

Measurement of energy expenditure

The Determination of Changes in Body Heat Content during Exercise Using Calorimetry and Thermometry

New Perspectives in Neonatal Nutrition

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