“…Coupled with that, the leapfrogging hypothesis states that ICT is the platform upon which developing economies can skip developmental stages (Steinmueller, 2001;Sein & Harindranath, 2004;Avgerou, 2017;Adeleye et al, 2022a;Adeleye et al, 2022b). Labour is an critical element for growth (Shahid, 2014;Olarewaju et al, 2021;X. Zhang & Wang, 2021), Internet usage contributes to economic productivity (Visser, 2019;Shahnazi, 2021), education which is human capital exerts a positive impact on growth (Čadil et al, 2014;Pelinescu, 2015), quality institutions provide the enabling environment for growth to thrive (Acemoglu & Robinson, 2010;Bahamonde & Trasberg, 2021), and lastly capital is a vital growth input (Lach, 2010;Ahmed et al, 2016;Adeleye et al, 2021b).…”