Human Capital: Genesis and Evolution

Abstract

Task. The phenomenon of human capital in line with socio-philosophical analysis requires multilateral study, where intellectual development comes to the fore. Indeed, the decisive role in the development of any country in the world belongs to man as a bearer of wealth [10: 108]. The concept of human capital is gradually acquiring the status of a general scientific concept (it is already more and more often used in pedagogy, sociology, political science, cultural studies and other social sciences with a humanitarian profile). In a post-industrial society, the sphere of culture is revealed in its new state, including family, education, science, computer science, art, acquiring a qualitatively new role, becoming an increasingly leading sector of production, its “basis” and driving force [5: 6]. It follows that philosophy plays a methodological, integrative role in the origin and development of human capital. Based on the analysis of the work of domestic and foreign researchers, as well as the ideas of classics and contemporaries of philosophical thought, the prerequisites for the formation of the concept of human capital, and their basic theoretical approaches are shown. Methodology and research methods. The study traces the idea that human capital in conditions of rapid change determines the dynamics and direction of social development. Ensuring its compliance with social values and the requirements of the time becomes an important task of the targeted socio-cultural development of the individual and society [15: 1]. To clarify the content of the concept of “human capital”, the author uses a historical analysis and a content analysis method as a scientific method of cognition. Based on these methods, text data was studied, the essence of which is to divide text data into structural elements, detect keywords in documents, and determine the frequency of their references. These methods are the main ones in the study of the essence of concepts, the content of media messages, answers to questions of sociological research [11: 29]. Conclusions. In a modern transformational society, in the subtext of human value in the role of capital and resource, positive and negative contradictory directions arise, and their solution requires socio-philosophical research. The ambiguity of the wording of the category“human capital” is based on the categorical relationship between its forms in science and the leveling in the interpretation of the concept of the fact of profitability. As a key evidence, the idea that human capital is a multifaceted socio-cultural resource of society is substantiated. It is regarded as an engine of historical progress in the social and cultural spheres. In the system of views, the role of man in society allows us to distinguish the objective basis of the modern theory of human capital, its historical roots, its scientific logic of significance as the fundamental basis of historical progress. The scope of the study / the possibility of subsequent use of the results of scientific work. The main form of the country's wealth is the leading level of intellectual and spiritual development of the citizen, taking the form of human capital, ensuring the innovation process in every area of its activity. A measure of human innovative capital, vitality and resilience of a society becomes its ability to provide a social space for creative, creative activity of people [14: 1181]. Human capital, like all internal personal wealth, cannot be imagined without the spiritual and moral component of the essence of man and his being. Spirituality is the basis of almost everything, everything that has to do with the self-realization of a person. It can be argued that certain spiritual attitudes explicitly or discreetly direct any activity of each person and all social structures. The absence of the spiritual and moral component of technogenic civilization has led mankind to a standstill. Now more than ever, a qualitative shift in the human mind is required, fundamentally changing his worldview. In the system of education and upbringing, it is necessary to return to the thoughts and ideas of great thinkers, starting from antiquity and ending with modernity in the spiritual and moral elevation of man. Practical value. Today, increased attention to the socio-philosophical aspects of human capital comes down to the practical significance of the identified problem. Therefore, the proposed topic can be applied as a theoretical instruction for social research institutes. The conceptual results of the study provide a theoretical basis for a deeper understanding of social transformationsin society, and on the other hand, it can be used as a theoretical basis for future comparative socio-philosophical studies of human capital. Research materials may be useful in the preparation of textbooks, courses in social philosophy. The author proposes the introduction of a special course for undergraduates and doctoral students“Human capital and its manifestations in the development of the Republic of Kazakhstan”. And also in universities, in the process of teaching social sciences and humanities, to practice conducting scientific discussions on the above topic. Originality / value. We believe that the topic of the article touched upon will give an impetus to reflection and encourage the writing of articles on the development of human capital from a position of socio-philosophical analysis. As for the concept of the phenomenon under study, its extrapolation opportunities will be realized on the “reciprocal flows” of the economy and other important areas of social life - science, culture, education, politics, etc. The problem under study is addressed to social scientists, employees of the management system, university professors and doctoral students, as well as all those who are interested in the problems of the formation and development of human capital in the world.