Human-Centric Digital Twins in Industry: A Comprehensive Review of Enabling Technologies and Implementation Strategies

Abstract

The last decade saw the emergence of highly autonomous, flexible, re-configurable Cyber-Physical Systems. Research in this domain has been enhanced by the use of high-fidelity simulations, including Digital Twins, which are virtual representations connected to real assets. Digital Twins have been used for process supervision, prediction, or interaction with physical assets. Interaction with Digital Twins is enhanced by Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality, and Industry 5.0-focused research is evolving with the involvement of the human aspect in Digital Twins. This paper aims to review recent research on Human-Centric Digital Twins (HCDTs) and their enabling technologies. A systematic literature review is performed using the VOSviewer keyword mapping technique. Current technologies such as motion sensors, biological sensors, computational intelligence, simulation, and visualization tools are studied for the development of HCDTs in promising application areas. Domain-specific frameworks and guidelines are formed for different HCDT applications that highlight the workflow and desired outcomes, such as the training of AI models, the optimization of ergonomics, the security policy, task allocation, etc. A guideline and comparative analysis for the effective development of HCDTs are created based on the criteria of Machine Learning requirements, sensors, interfaces, and Human Digital Twin inputs.

Machine Learning- and Artificial Intelligence-Derived Prediction for Home Smart Energy Systems with PV Installation and Battery Energy Storage

“…The results obtained and their interpretation indicate that, from the perspective of previous research and working hypotheses, the use of AI in PV systems is a technology expected by designers, manufacturers and users (both private and institutional), and the current trends are in line with the Industry 4.0 paradigm, as well as Industry 5.0, in which human and natural needs are placed at the center of the production process, also emphasizing the sustainability of the supply chain [23][24][25]. However, the concept of Industry 5.0 is still vaguely defined in the specialist literature and there is still a lot of debate in the area of applications of the Industry 4.0 paradigm.…”

“…Despite this, this is how the EU, governments, companies and other stakeholders want to improve employee wellbeing, reduce workrelated illnesses and raise awareness of the importance of motor fitness, fatigue, strain and effort. To date, such approaches have typically been developed in laboratories and only sometimes translated into field applications [23][24][25][26], which is an important aspect of the research to date. Effective AI-based modelling and optimization, appropriate task allocation, ergonomics and safety, based on data from motion and biological sensors, interfaces, Human Digital Twins and other simulation and visualization tools are becoming crucial [23][24][25][26].…”

“…To date, such approaches have typically been developed in laboratories and only sometimes translated into field applications [23][24][25][26], which is an important aspect of the research to date. Effective AI-based modelling and optimization, appropriate task allocation, ergonomics and safety, based on data from motion and biological sensors, interfaces, Human Digital Twins and other simulation and visualization tools are becoming crucial [23][24][25][26]. The key is harmonistic and synergistic cooperation of people and machines.…”

“…In developed economies, the importance of engineering competencies and skills, supply chain and efficient implementation of emerging technologies: AI, the Internet of Things and big data sets is growing. In emerging economies, training and skills assessment, organizational sustainability and structure as well as new technologies (digitization, internet of things) are key elements [23][24][25]. Currently, the prevailing view, supported by scientific research, is that an energy sector based on fossil fuels has a devastating impact on the natural environment, which makes it necessary to shift the main energy burden to alternative energy sources (including PV microgrids) [27].…”

Cybersecurity and Artificial Intelligence Applications: A Bibliometric Analysis Based on Scopus Database

“…Researchers are looking into cutting-edge AI techniques to strengthen cyber defence measures in light of the ever-changing cybersecurity scene. Intelligent intrusion detection systems, behavior-based anomaly detection, and adaptive authentication mechanisms are just a few of the state-of-the-art applications that have resulted from these efforts [8][9][10][11][12].…”