Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) enhances immunity against <i>L. tropica</i> by stimulating human macrophage functions

Alshamat, Enas Abu; Al-Okla, Souad; Soukkarieh, Chadi; Kweider, Mahmoud

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3024.2012.01368.x

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Menzies and colleagues recently suggested an involvement of P4 in the regulation of genes associated with alternative macrophage activation (44). By contrast, hCG treatment of human and murine IFN-γ-primed macrophages resulted in increased production of nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, IL-6 and IL-12p40, and enhanced phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (45, 46). However, hCG treatment of murine IFN-γ-primed macrophages did not affect the induction of allogeneic T cell proliferation (45).…”

Section: Hormonal Influence On Immune Cells During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 89%

Endocrine Factors Modulating Immune Responses in Pregnancy

2014

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How the semi-allogeneic fetus is tolerated by the maternal immune system remains a fascinating phenomenon. Despite extensive research activity in this field, the mechanisms underlying fetal tolerance are still not well understood. However, there are growing evidences that immune–immune interactions as well as immune–endocrine interactions build up a complex network of immune regulation that ensures fetal survival within the maternal uterus. In the present review, we aim to summarize emerging research data from our and other laboratories on immune modulating properties of pregnancy hormones with a special focus on progesterone, estradiol, and human chorionic gonadotropin. These pregnancy hormones are critically involved in the successful establishment, maintenance, and termination of pregnancy. They suppress detrimental maternal alloresponses while promoting tolerance pathways. This includes the reduction of the antigen-presenting capacity of dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes, and macrophages as well as the blockage of natural killer cells, T and B cells. Pregnancy hormones also support the proliferation of pregnancy supporting uterine killer cells, retain tolerogenic DCs, and efficiently induce regulatory T (Treg) cells. Furthermore, they are involved in the recruitment of mast cells and Treg cells into the fetal–maternal interface contributing to a local accumulation of pregnancy-protective cells. These findings highlight the importance of endocrine factors for the tolerance induction during pregnancy and encourage further research in the field.

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Section: Hormonal Influence On Immune Cells During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 89%

Endocrine Factors Modulating Immune Responses in Pregnancy

2014

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“…In addition, hCG also regulates the immune rejection at the maternal-fetal interface during the embryo implantation window (30). Some studies believe that hCG plays a role in regulating endometrial immune tolerance by regulating the balance between th1/th2 cells and inhibiting the maternal immune rejection of embryos (31). Some scholars have found that hCG can improve the immunosuppressive function of regulatory T cells by increasing the number of transcription factor Foxp3 (32).…”

Section: Lh Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of low-dose hCG on FET cycle in patients with recurrent implantation failure

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveTo study patients’ new treatment methods and mechanisms of repeated implantation failure.DesignA retrospective study.SettingIn vitro fertilization (IVF) unit in a Three-A hospital.Patient(s)Ninety-three patients with repeated implantation failure in IVF and embryo transfer.Intervention(s)the luteal phase support.Main outcome measure(s)According to whether human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) was added, the two groups were divided into an observation group and a control group, and the clinical outcomes of the two groups were compared. Furthermore, 20 patients were selected for whole exome sequencing to investigate the mechanism.ResultsThe observation group’s clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate were significantly higher than those in the control group (P=0.004). Functional enrichment analysis showed that these genes were significantly enriched in embryo implantation or endometrial receptivity processes, such as microtubule-based movement, NABA CORE MATRISOME, superoxide anion generation, protein localization to vacuole, extracellular matrix organization, fertilization, microtubule-based transport, cell junction organization, microtubule cytoskeleton organization. Furthermore, variants detected in these pathway genes were missense mutations that affect the protein’s biological activity but do not effectuate its inactivation.ConclusionsAdding HCG in the luteal phase might improve the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates in RIF patients. The potential pathogenesis of RIF genetic level may be caused by microtubule-based movement, extracellular matrix organization, and the Superoxide Anion generation pathway.

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“…This M1 to M2 cell shift seems to be partially fostered by hCG as indicated in human and mouse experimental settings (81,82) (Figure 1C). On the other hand, hCG stimulates proinflammatory functions in human monocytes and macrophages (83,84) suggesting that in case of an infection, hCG helps to protect the fetus from being attacked. Notably, human placental macrophages are able to produce high amounts of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 which in turn stimulates hCG secretion by human trophoblast cells (85) proposing a reciprocal interrelationship between macrophages and hCG during pregnancy.…”

Section: Monocytes and Macrophagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin-Mediated Immune Responses That Facilitate Embryo Implantation and Placentation

Schumacher

Zenclussen

2019

Front. Immunol.

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Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) serves as one of the first signals provided by the embryo to the mother. Exactly at the time when the first step of the implantation process is initiated and the blastocyst adheres to the maternal endometrium, the embryonic tissue starts to actively secrete hCG. Shortly thereafter, the hormone can be detected in the maternal circulation where its concentration steadily increases throughout early pregnancy as it is continuously released by the forming placenta. Accumulating evidence underlines the critical function of hCG for embryo implantation and placentation. hCG not only regulates biological aspects of these early pregnancy events but also supports maternal immune cells in their function as helpers in the establishment of an adequate embryo-endometrial relationship. In view of its early presence in the maternal circulation, hCG has the potential to influence both local uterine immune cell populations as well as peripheral ones. The current review aims to summarize recent literature on the participation of innate and adaptive immune cells in embryo implantation and placentation with a specific focus on their regulation by hCG.

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Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) enhances immunity against L. tropica by stimulating human macrophage functions

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Endocrine Factors Modulating Immune Responses in Pregnancy

Endocrine Factors Modulating Immune Responses in Pregnancy

Efficacy of low-dose hCG on FET cycle in patients with recurrent implantation failure

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin-Mediated Immune Responses That Facilitate Embryo Implantation and Placentation

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