Human Chromosome Damage by Chemical Agents

Shaw, Margery W.

doi:10.1146/annurev.me.21.020170.002205

Cited by 126 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Variability in breakages Over 80 physical, chemical, and biological agents have been shown to induce chromosomal aberrations in human somatic cells (Shaw, 1970). The chromosome-breaking activity of most of these agents has been as sessed in peripheral blood lymphocyte systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenetic studies in control men and women

Ko²

1973

Cytogenet Genome Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cytogenetic analyses of 11,950 lymphocyte metaphases from 122 cultures from 10 control men and 17,759 lymphocyte metaphases from 183 cultures from 21 control women have shown: (1) variations in breakage frequencies in consecutive cultures from the same person, (2) variations in average breakages among cultures from different people, (3) greater variability in breakages in cultures from women than in cultures from men, and (4) differences in average breakage frequencies in cultures obtained at different times of the year.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenetic studies in control men and women

Ko²

1973

Cytogenet Genome Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Human chromosome abnormalities are known to be induced by various environmental factors such as radia tion [3], virus [8] and chemical substances [16,24], Chromosome aberrations induced by X-ray are divided into two main classes, namely genome mutation and chromosome structural mutation. Especially exchange type aberrations are so specific to radiation that thus are rarely mistaken on observation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomal Aberrations in the Lymphocytes of Alcoholics and Former Alcoholics

Matsushima¹

1987

Neuropsychobiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An elevation of chromosomal aberrations has been found in the lymphocytes of alcoholics compared with those of nonalcoholics. In this study, structural aberrations of chromosomes in peripheral lymphocytes of alcoholics and former alcoholics were examined in order to study the chromosome-breaking activity of alcohol and effects of long-term sobriety on chromosomal aberrations in alcoholics. We have presumed initially that chromosomal aberrations in alcoholics would remain for a long time after abstinence from alcohol. Nevertheless we found a spontaneous reduction of the chromosomal aberrations in former alcoholics who had been dry for periods of 2 years or more. These observations suggest that chromosomal aberrations appearing in alcoholics probably formed by a chronic activity of alcohol and/or its metabolic products and cellular repair mechanisms may recover within a few years of abstinence.

show abstract

“…The test inoculum for S. faecium was prepared as follows. The strain was subcultured (1/100) twice in standard medium and incubated at 37°C in loosely capped 18-mm test tubes without shaking: the first tube was incubated for 24 h and the second was incubated for 18 to faecium.…”

Section: Mutagenic Studies Of Folic Acid Antagonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hemmerly and Demerec (12) and Iyer and Szybalski (19) have reported low-grade mutagenicity of amethopterin and pyrimethamine for the str, pro-1, and trp-6 loci of Escherichia coli; more recently, Herbold and Buselmaier reported negative results with amethopterin on Salmonella typhimurium (13). Prophage induction by aminopterin and amethopterin (11), chromosome abnormalities (16,22,24), and teratogenic effects (2, 28) have also been described. The planar polycyclic structure of some of the compounds appears similar to that of known deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) intercalating agents, and some of these structures may be subject to epoxide fornation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutagenic Studies of Folic Acid Antagonists

Genther

Schoeny

Loper

et al. 1977

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Compounds that compete with folic acid (folic acid antagonists [FAAs]) become limited in their usefulness in the treatment of leukemia, malaria, and bacterial infections by the rapid development of resistance. Assays of the plasma levels of certain of these FAAs led to the observation, in about 25% of the determinations, that a higher density of growth of Streptococcus faecium var. durans (ATCC 8043) was obtained at an FAA concentration just below the completely inhibitory level than at one-half this concentration. This and other considerations suggested that FAAs may act not only as selective agents for resistant organisms but also as mutagens. Seven FAAs including amethopterin, pyrimethamine, trimethoprim, chlorguanide triazine, an experimental quinazoline, WR-158,122, and two experimental triazines, WR-99,210 and WR-38,839, were tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella reversion assay developed by Ames et al. (1975). All were found to be negative for strains TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98, and TA100, both with and without microsomal activation. These compounds were then tested as mutagens for three traits in the folic acid-requiring S. faecium . FAAs were shown to cause mutations to folic acid independence, rifampin resistance, and FAA resistance. It is postulated that the FAAs induce mutations by causing thymine deprivation in the folic acid-requiring host.

show abstract

Human Chromosome Damage by Chemical Agents

Cited by 126 publications

References 7 publications

Cytogenetic studies in control men and women

Cytogenetic studies in control men and women

Chromosomal Aberrations in the Lymphocytes of Alcoholics and Former Alcoholics

Mutagenic Studies of Folic Acid Antagonists

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About