Human circadian rhythms.

Mills, J. N.

doi:10.1152/physrev.1966.46.1.128

Cited by 326 publications

(109 citation statements)

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“…The usual behaviour of phosphate excretion is that it falls for a few hours on waking, though its subsequent course is variable (Mills, 1966). The same behaviour was observed in most subjects even on the first awakening 242 CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS AND TIME-ZONE SHIFTS 243 after time-zone shift, though occasionally there was another fall in excretion at the hour which corresponded to the times of rising on real time.…”

Section: Urinary Rhythmsmentioning

confidence: 72%

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The effect of real and simulated time‐zone shifts upon the circadian rhythms of body temperature, plasma 11‐hydroxycorticosteroids, and renal excretion in human subjects

Elliott¹,

Mills²,

Minors³

et al. 1972

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Observations were made upon five subjects who flew through 4j-6 time zones, four of them returning later to their starting point, and upon twenty-three subjects experiencing simulated 6 or 8 hr time zones shifts in either direction in an isolation unit.2. Measurements were made of plasma concentration of li-hydroxycorticosteroids, of body temperature, and of urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and chloride. Their rhythm was defined, where possible, by fitting a sine curve of period 24 hr to each separate 24-hr stretch of data and computing the acrophase, or maximum predicted by the sine curve.3. The adaptation of the plasma steroid rhythm was assessed by the presence of a sharp fall in concentration after the sample collected around 08.00 hr. The time course of adaptation varied widely between individuals; it was usually largely complete by the fourth day after westward, and rather later after eastward, flights. After time shift the pattern often corresponded neither to an adapted nor to an unadapted one, and in a subject followed for many months after a real flight a normal amplitude only appeared 2-3 months after flight.4. Temperature rhythm adapted by a movement of the acrophase, without change in amplitude, although on some days no rhythm could be observed. This movement was always substantial even on the first day, and was usually nearly complete by the fifth.5. High nocturnal excretion of electrolyte was often seen in the early days after time shift, more notably after simulated westward flights. Adaptation of urinary electrolyte rhythms usually proceeded as with temperature, but the movement of the acrophase was slower, more variable ANN L. ELLIOTT AND OTHERS between individuals, more erratic, and sometimes reversed after partial adaptation. On a few days there were two maxima corresponding to those expected on real and on experimental time.6. Sodium excretion was much less regular than that of potassium, but adapted more rapidly to time shift, so that the two often became completely dissociated. Chloride behaved much as sodium.7. The time course of adaptation of the plasma steroid and urinary potassium rhythms were sufficiently similar to suggest a causal connexion. The time course of adaptation of the temperature rhythm did not coincide with that of any other component considered here.

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Section: Urinary Rhythmsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Many observations have confined themselves to a limited range of the numerous physiological functions which oscillate circadianly (Mills, 1966; Conroy & Mills, 1970, pp. 135-144).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of real and simulated time‐zone shifts upon the circadian rhythms of body temperature, plasma 11‐hydroxycorticosteroids, and renal excretion in human subjects

Elliott¹,

Mills²,

Minors³

et al. 1972

The Journal of Physiology

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“…However, one should keep in mind that these changes vary within the normal range. The question of the extent to which daily fluctuations in fasting individuals come into play must remain unanswered, since reports in this connection are available only with respect to longer periods of abstinence of nutrients (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Oral Pancreatic Function Test with N-Benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic Acid: Acute Toxicity and Effects of Renal Function on this Test

Lang¹,

Gyr²,

Kraehenmann³

et al. 1980

CCLM

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Summary: The oral pancreatic function test with N-benzoyl-Z,-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid was performed on 24 healthy test subjects, and its toxicity was examined. Eight patients with restricted renal function and known renal disease were also investigated. The pancreatic function test and the same procedure using free p-amino-benzoic acid were performed at 2-3-day intervals.During all the investigations with the pancreatic function test, no clinical side effects were observed. All parameters investigated at all the test times fell within the normal range. No toxicity of N-benzoyl-Z,-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid could be found. The excretion ofp-aminobenzoic acid after administration of N-benzoyl-£-tyrosyl-paminobenzoic acid was greatly reduced in all patients with restricted renal function. Four of eight patients also showed essentially no increase in excretion rate when free p-aminobenzoic acid was given instead of the pep tide. It is therefore not possible to correct the pancreatic function test results in patients with renal insufficiency by calculating the ratio of p-aminobenzoic acid excretion after peptide intake to that after free p-aminobenzoic acid ingestion. Adequate renal function is therefore a prerequisite for the pancreatic function test. Der orale Pankreas-Funktions-Test mittels N-Benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoesäure: Akute Toxizität und Beeinflussung durch die Nierenfunktion

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“…It is well known that many physiological phenomena such as heart rate, body tem perature, breathing, etc, in humans have a period of approximately 24 hours, namely circadian rhythm [9]. In horses, it has been reported that circadian rhythms exist in heart rate, body temperature, cortico steroid production, etc.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was thought that a 26-hour period was correspondent to cir cadian rhythms [9] and a 9-hour period indicated the feeding interval of daytime from 7: 30 to 16: 00, which was a 8.5-hour period. Kashiwamura and Shinde [7] have reported that fluctuations in body temperature of a cow had the ultradian rhythm of the 120-to 480-minute periods.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Criterion for Maximum Entropy Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Diurnal Rhythm in a Horse

Yamaya

Kubo

Amada

et al. 1993

JJES

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The application of the maximum entropy spectral analysis to the chronotropisms of heart rate diurnal rhythm in a horse was examined. As the sampling interval and the order of the autoregressive model (model order) had to be determined before the estimate by maximum entropy method (MEM), these parameters were examined. As the results, 5-or 10-minute interval and N (the number of data)/2 for the estimate of over a 6-hour period and N/5 for that of the 1-to 6-hour period were adequate for the sampling interval and the model order. It was presumed that by the MEM using these parameters, the heart rate diurnal rhythm of this horse had approximately 1-, 4-, 5-, 9-, and 26-hour periods.

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Human circadian rhythms.

Cited by 326 publications

References 0 publications

The effect of real and simulated time‐zone shifts upon the circadian rhythms of body temperature, plasma 11‐hydroxycorticosteroids, and renal excretion in human subjects

The effect of real and simulated time‐zone shifts upon the circadian rhythms of body temperature, plasma 11‐hydroxycorticosteroids, and renal excretion in human subjects

The Oral Pancreatic Function Test with N-Benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic Acid: Acute Toxicity and Effects of Renal Function on this Test

Criterion for Maximum Entropy Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Diurnal Rhythm in a Horse

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