Key Points• IL-33-induced neutrophil recruitment in vivo is mast celldependent. This is partly mediated through the mast cell release of TNF-␣.• IL-33-treated human mast cells induce neutrophil migration in vitro.
IL-33 is a recently discovered cytokine involved in induction of
IntroductionIL-33 is a recently described cytokine of the IL-1 family that is expressed by a variety of cell types, most notably by epithelial and endothelial cells. 1 IL-33 promotes Th2 responses 2,3 and has been suggested to function as an alarmin when released on necrosis. 4-7 IL-33 is inactivated during apoptosis, 8 and unlike IL-1 and IL-18, it does not require proteolytical processing for activation. 4,9 Recently, we demonstrated that of all endogenous compounds released on necrosis, IL-33 alone is a key alarmin responsible for mast-cell activation. 5 Furthermore, IL-33 has emerged as a potent regulator of mast cell activity; inducing cytokine release, adhesion, maturation, and IgE-mediated degranulation. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] In addition to mast cells, IL-33 activates several other cell types by signaling through the IL-33 receptor (IL-33R), including eosinophils, 18-20 basophils, 21-24 and dendritic cells. [25][26][27] Furthermore, a new family of IL-33R-positive innate lymphoid cells, including nuocytes, has been described during the last years. 28 Moreover, IL-33 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases (reviewed by Liew et al 1 ), including asthma 29,30 and arthritis. 31,32 Importantly, mast cells might have a central role in IL-33-associated diseases, as IL-33 for instance has been shown to exacerbate collagen-induced arthritis through a mast celldependent mechanism. 32 On the other hand, IL-33 has been ascribed several beneficial functions, including a cardioprotective function, 33 a protective role in atherosclerosis, 34 as well as an important role in helminth infections. 3 Thus, IL-33, similar to mast cells, exerts beneficial or detrimental effects depending on the local environment, which makes IL-33 an interesting cytokine with therapeutic potential.Despite this accumulated knowledge, much remains to be investigated regarding IL-33 functions in vivo. It was previously reported that IL-33 participates in the recruitment of mononuclear cells, 35 and a recent study reported that mice injected intravenously with IL-33 before cecal ligation and puncture recruited more neutrophils to the peritoneum than did mice treated with PBS, 36 thus displaying a reduced sepsis mortality rate.In this study we investigated the cellular responses to intraperitoneal IL-33 injections in mice and further addressed the responsiveness of human mast cells to IL-33. Our data demonstrate that a large proportion of the IL-33R ϩ cells in the peritoneal cavity are c-Kit ϩ Fc⑀RI ϩ mast cells, and that IL-33 induces neutrophil influx in the peritoneum of mice through a mast cell-dependent mechanism partly dependent on mast cell-derived TNF. For personal use only. on May 11, 2018. by guest www.bloodjournal.org From
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