Human cryptosporidiosis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Cryptosporidiosis caused by Cryptosporidium spp. is an important parasitic disease that can be life-threatening for children and immunocompromised patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to determine the prevalence rate of Cryptosporidium infection and related risk factors among the Iranian general population. We searched electronic databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Proquest for articles in English and SID, Magiran, IranMedex, and IranDoc for articles in Persian. Out of 4816 studies identified in the electronic search, 94 articles were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The prevalence rate of cryptosporidiosis by using the random effect model among children, healthy people, and gastroenteritis and immunocompromised patients in Iran was estimated as 3.65, 2.94, 1.29, and 4.54%, respectively. Findings of a phylogenetic analysis inferred by gp60 and 18S ribosomal RNA markers indicated that most of the infection rate belonged to C. parvum (particularly subtype IIaA15G2R1) and C. hominis among understudied groups. The present study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis providing a comprehensive view of the prevalence of human cryptosporidiosis and its related risk factors in Iran. It seems that the awareness of Cryptosporidium prevalence, risk factors, and disease complications may be required for developing effective strategies to prevent infection.

scFv against HSP60 of Strongyloides sp. and Its Application in the Evaluation of Parasite Frequency in the Elderly

“…In this sense, research carried out for the refinement of techniques applied to the epidemiological survey to parasitic diseases, such as the strongyloidiasis, is necessary. It should be noted that infection by this parasite is becoming increasingly severe in vulnerable groups, such as immunosuppressed patients, children, and the elderly [5][6][7]. The major concern in these vulnerable groups is the low immune capacity to respond effectively to infectious processes.…”

Investigation of Soil Contamination With Cryptosporidium spp. Oocysts in Different Regions of Yazd, Central Iran

“…[10][11][12] In studies over several years on human specimens from different individuals in terms of contamination with different species of Cryptosporidium in Iran, the prevalence in children, normal people and immunocompromised individuals was 3.65%, 2.94% and 4.54%. 13 A survey on surface water samples in Iran showed that 24 samples (48.98%) of 49 samples were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. 14 Regarding Cryptosporidium, the comparison of the results of the present study with those of other studies on different types of human and water samples in Iran showed that the rate of water contamination was much higher than that of soil contamination and soil contamination than human infection.…”

Intestinal Protozoa in Hiv-Infected Patients: A Retrospective Analysis

“…Bölgesel ısı ve yağış dağılım değişikliklerinin yıllar içerisinde özellikle su kaynaklı bulaşan Cryptosporidium türleri ile olan enfeksiyonların sıklığı üzerinde etkili olduğu bilinmektedir (12). Bu etkenlerden özellikle Cryptosporidium türleri sağlıklı kişlerde kendi kendini sınırlayan bir ishale sebep olurken iki yaş altı çocuklarda, yaşlılarda ve özellikle bağışıklık sistemi baskılanmış hastalarda hayatı tehdit eden kolera benzeri bir ishal tablosu görülebilmektedir (13). Cryptosporidium sıklığının HIV pozitif bireylerde araştırıldığı çeşitli çalışmalarda oranlar, Malezya'da %3, Endonezya'da %11,9 ve Batı Kamerun'da %2,5 bulunmuştur (14,15,16).…”