Human cystic echinococcosis: contributions to the natural history of the disease

Larrieu, Edmundo; Frider, Bernardo

doi:10.1080/00034980120094730

Cited by 57 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The induction of morbidity depends on the number, size, and developmental status of the cyst(s) (active or inactive), the involved organ, the localization of the cyst(s) within the organ, the pressure of cysts on surrounding tissues and structures, and the defense mechanisms of the infected individual. Ultrasonographic studies in South America have shown that the average diameter of cysts in asymptomatic carriers was significantly smaller (approximately 4 cm) than that in symptomatic patients (approximately 10 cm) (126). According to Perdomo et al (151), approximately 88% of cysts detectable in asymptomatic carriers were Ͻ7.5 cm in diameter.…”

Section: Vol 17 2004 Biology and Epidemiology Of Echinococcosis 109mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A different situation exists in infected but asymptomatic individuals. Ultrasonographic and chest X-ray surveys of approximately 10,000 apparently healthy individuals living in areas of Argentina and Uruguay with endemic infection revealed liver-to-lung ratios of 6:1 and 12:1, respectively (126). An explantation for the shift from the higher liver-to-lung ratios in asymptomatic individuals to lower values (2.5:1) in hospitalized patients is that lung cysts cause more frequently morbidity than hepatic cysts (126).…”

Section: Vol 17 2004 Biology and Epidemiology Of Echinococcosis 109mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A literature review of 9,970 patients (originating from regions in South America, Africa, Europe, and Australasia where the sheep strain is common and infection is endemic) has revealed that the average liver-to-lung infection ratio was 2.5:1 (126). A different situation exists in infected but asymptomatic individuals.…”

Section: Vol 17 2004 Biology and Epidemiology Of Echinococcosis 109mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological, Epidemiological, and Clinical Aspects of Echinococcosis, a Zoonosis of Increasing Concern

2004

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Echinococcosis in humans is a zoonotic infection caused by larval stages (metacestodes) of cestode species of the genus Echinococcus. Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is caused by Echinococcus granulosus, alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is caused by E. multilocularis, and polycystic forms are caused by either E. vogeli or E. oligarthrus. In untreated cases, AE has a high mortality rate. Although control is essentially feasible, CE remains a considerable health problem in many regions of the northern and southern hemispheres. AE is restricted to the northern hemisphere regions of North America and Eurasia. Recent studies have shown that E. multilocularis, the causative agent of AE, is more widely distributed than previously thought. There are also some hints of an increasing significance of polycystic forms of the disease, which are restricted to Central and South America. Various aspects of human echinococcosis are discussed in this review, including data on the infectivity of genetic variants of E. granulosus to humans, the increasing invasion of cities in Europe and Japan by red foxes, the main definitive hosts of E. multilocularis, and the first demonstration of urban cycles of the parasite. Examples of emergence or reemergence of CE are presented, and the question of potential spreading of E. multilocularis is critically assessed. Furthermore, information is presented on new and improved tools for diagnosing the infection in final hosts (dogs, foxes, and cats) by coproantigen or DNA detection and the application of molecular techniques to epidemiological studies. In the clinical field, the available methods for diagnosing human CE and AE are described and the treatment options are summarized. The development of new chemotherapeutic options for all forms of human echinococcosis remains an urgent requirement. A new option for the control of E. granulosus in the intermediate host population (mainly sheep and cattle) is vaccination. Attempts are made to reduce the prevalence of E. multilocualaris in fox populations by regular baiting with an anthelmintic (praziquantel). Recent data have shown that this control option may be used in restricted areas, for example in cities, with the aim of reducing the infection risk for humans

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Section: Vol 17 2004 Biology and Epidemiology Of Echinococcosis 109mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vol 17 2004 Biology and Epidemiology Of Echinococcosis 109mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vol 17 2004 Biology and Epidemiology Of Echinococcosis 109mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological, Epidemiological, and Clinical Aspects of Echinococcosis, a Zoonosis of Increasing Concern

2004

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“…29 The resulting value was subsequently adjusted to account for the fact that abdominal ultrasound is unable to detect pulmonary cases, which have represented 11-13.5% of all undiagnosed cases in other studies. 30,31 This adjustment resulted in an estimated CE prevalence of 2.07%, the maximum value in the uniform distribution used to estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed CE in Rio Negro Province.…”

Section: Study Area Rio Negro Province Is Located In the Northernmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Economic Impact of Cystic Echinococcosis in Rio Negro Province, Argentina

Bingham¹,

Larrieu²,

Uchiumi³

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a parasitic zoonosis with substantial human health and economic consequences, is highly endemic in Rio Negro Province, Argentina. The objective of this study was to estimate the direct and indirect human and livestock-associated monetary losses attributable to CE, in Rio Negro Province, for the year 2010. Human costs were estimated using data obtained from hospital chart reviews, patient interviews, and government reports. Livestock-associated losses were estimated using data from government reports and scientific publications. Spreadsheet models were developed utilizing Latin Hypercube sampling to account for uncertainty in the input parameters. In 2010, the estimated total cost of CE, in Rio Negro Province, ranged from US$4,234,000 (95% credible interval [CI]: US$2,709,000-US$6,226,000) to US$5,897,000 (95% CI: US$3,452,000-US$9,105,000), with livestock-associated losses representing between 80% and 94% of the total losses, depending on whether non-healthcare-seeking human cases were included and if livestock slaughter values were adjusted to account for underreporting. These estimates suggest that CE is responsible for considerable human and livestock-associated monetary losses in Rio Negro Province. Stakeholders and policymakers can use these data to better allocate public health and agricultural resources for this region.

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“…[4][5][6] Although the growth rate of echinococcal cysts is extremely variable, it basically depends on the organ compliance, reaching larger sizes in the lungs and growing at slower pace in the liver, spleen, or kidneys. 17 If a cyst does not become complicated (infected or ruptured), symptoms related to the enlargement of the cyst only appear several years after the infection. Not infrequently, the diagnosis is incidentally established when a patient is evaluated for other diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Giant Splenic Echinococcal Cyst Treated by Laparoscopy

Arce

Limaylla

Valcarcel³

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis caused by the larval stage of the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Liver and lungs are the most commonly affected organs whereas splenic infection is rarer and its primary involvement occurs in less than 2% of abdominal CE. We report a case of primary giant splenic hydatid cyst in a 75-year-old Peruvian woman that was laparoscopically removed without any complications, perioperative prophylactic chemotherapy with albendazole 400 mg twice a day 5 days before, and 7 days after the surgical procedure was administered, postoperative recovery was uneventful, and; at her 3-month follow-up the patient remains asymptomatic and an abdominal computed tomography scan demonstrated a cystic cavity of 15 cm diameter with no daughter vesicles, neither other abdominal organ involvement. This case is in line with the existing literature on laparoscopical treatment of splenic cystic hydatid disease, suggesting that laparoscopical treatment is a safe and effective approach for large splenic hydatid cysts to be preferred to open surgical techniques.

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Human cystic echinococcosis: contributions to the natural history of the disease

Cited by 57 publications

References 21 publications

Biological, Epidemiological, and Clinical Aspects of Echinococcosis, a Zoonosis of Increasing Concern

Biological, Epidemiological, and Clinical Aspects of Echinococcosis, a Zoonosis of Increasing Concern

The Economic Impact of Cystic Echinococcosis in Rio Negro Province, Argentina

Primary Giant Splenic Echinococcal Cyst Treated by Laparoscopy

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