Human Cytomegalovirus Congenital (cCMV) Infection Following Primary and Nonprimary Maternal Infection: Perspectives of Prevention through Vaccine Development

Gerna, Giuseppe; Lilleri, Daniele

doi:10.3390/vaccines8020194

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 172 publications

(280 reference statements)

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“…Unfortunately, more studies are required for a vaccine to be developed with sufficient efficacy against CMV. Currently, no approved CMV vaccine is available for medical use [ 75 , 76 , 77 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pregnancy

et al. 2022

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The objective of this review was to bring to attention cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during pregnancy, taking into consideration all relevant aspects, such as maternal diagnosis, fetal infection and prevention, prenatal diagnosis, and postnatal prognosis. A literature review was performed regarding adult and congenital infection. General information regarding this viral infection and potential related medical conditions was provided, considering the issues of maternal infection during pregnancy, transmission to the fetus, and associated congenital infection management. Prenatal diagnosis includes maternal serum testing and the confirmation of the infection in amniotic fluid or fetal blood. Additionally, prenatal diagnosis requires imaging techniques, ultrasound, and complementary magnetic resonance to assess cortical and extracortical anomalies. Imaging findings can predict both fetal involvement and the postnatal prognosis of the newborn, but they are difficult to assess, even for highly trained physicians. In regard to fetal sequelae, the early diagnosis of a potential fetal infection is crucial, and methods to decrease fetal involvement should be considered. Postnatal evaluation is also important, because many newborns may be asymptomatic and clinical anomalies can be diagnosed when sequelae are permanent.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pregnancy

et al. 2022

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“…The highest risk is primary infection during pregnancy but reinfection (affecting about 1–2% of seropositive women) or reactivation of the virus can also be dangerous. Congenital CMV infection can have serious and permanent consequences, such as mental retardation or hearing loss [ 161 , 162 ].…”

Section: Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

40 Years after the Registration of Acyclovir: Do We Need New Anti-Herpetic Drugs?

Majewska

Młynarczyk-Bonikowska

2022

IJMS

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Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 HSV1 and 2, namely varicella-zoster VZV and cytomegalovirus CMV, are among the most common pathogens worldwide. They remain in the host body for life. The course of infection with these viruses is often asymptomatic or mild and self-limiting, but in immunocompromised patients, such as solid organ or bone marrow transplant recipients, the course can be very severe or even life-threatening. Unfortunately, in the latter group, the highest percentage of infections with strains resistant to routinely used drugs is observed. On the other hand, frequent recurrences of genital herpes can be a problem even in people with normal immunity. Genital herpes also increases the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV infection and, if present in pregnant women, poses a risk to the fetus and newborn. Even more frequently than herpes simplex, congenital infections can be caused by cytomegalovirus. We present the most important anti-herpesviral agents, the mechanisms of resistance to these drugs, and the associated mutations in the viral genome. Special emphasis was placed on newly introduced drugs such as maribavir and brincidofovir. We also briefly discuss the most promising substances in preclinical testing as well as immunotherapy options and vaccines currently in use and under investigation.

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“…HCMV is also a leading infectious agent negatively affecting the outcome of solid organ and bone marrow transplants. In healthy individuals, HCMV infection can cause mononucleosis and is associated with some vascular diseases and cancers (Soderberg-Naucler, 2008;Pass et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2017;Styczynski, 2018;Gerna and Lilleri, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Cytomegalovirus Host Interactions: EGFR and Host Cell Signaling Is a Point of Convergence Between Viral Infection and Functional Changes in Infected Cells

et al. 2021

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Viruses have evolved diverse strategies to manipulate cellular signaling pathways in order to promote infection and/or persistence. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) possesses a number of unique properties that allow the virus to alter cellular events required for infection of a diverse array of host cell types and long-term persistence. Of specific importance is infection of bone marrow derived and myeloid lineage cells, such as peripheral blood monocytes and CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) because of their essential role in dissemination of the virus and for the establishment of latency. Viral induced signaling through the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and other receptors such as integrins are key control points for viral-induced cellular changes and productive and latent infection in host organ systems. This review will explore the current understanding of HCMV strategies utilized to hijack cellular signaling pathways, such as EGFR, to promote the wide-spread dissemination and the classic life-long herpesvirus persistence.

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Human Cytomegalovirus Congenital (cCMV) Infection Following Primary and Nonprimary Maternal Infection: Perspectives of Prevention through Vaccine Development

Cited by 10 publications

References 172 publications

An Overview of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pregnancy

An Overview of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pregnancy

40 Years after the Registration of Acyclovir: Do We Need New Anti-Herpetic Drugs?

Human Cytomegalovirus Host Interactions: EGFR and Host Cell Signaling Is a Point of Convergence Between Viral Infection and Functional Changes in Infected Cells

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