Human cytomegalovirus infection among treatment-naive HIV-1 infected patients in Ethiopia

Kiros, Mulugeta; Geteneh, Alene; Henok, Andualem; Alemu, Derbie; Tesfaye, Abebech; Tefera, Dessalegne Abeje; Mihret, Adane; Alemayehu, Dawit Hailu; Mulu, Andargachew

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247264

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The Seroepidemiology variation in the prevalence of HCMV infection may rely on convenience samples from patients at a particular health institution, Regarding the HCMV PCR in the current study, only 3.33% (3/90) of the study subjects were PCR positive for HCMV-DNA. This is consistent with the other reports from Ethiopia which were detected at 4.1% [11] and South Africa, which were reported to be 5.2% [15]. In addition, our findings were relatively lower than findings from Tanzania (22.6%) and Kenya (17%) [16].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Several epidemiological studies on seroprevalence of HCMV infection in HIV-positive individuals has been published. In line with other reports from Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Sudan, the HCMV IgM seroprevalence in those studies was 12.4%, 11.7%, and 7.1% respectively [11] [12] [13]. However, the magnitude of the HCMV in our study is lower than those reported from these African countries.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

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The Prevalence of Human Cytomegalovirus Viremia among HIV-1 Infected Individuals Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy

Bleiblo,

Moftah,

El-Awamie

et al. 2023

JBM

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HIV infection is an emerging health issue in Libya, particularly among young adults. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a prevalent infectious agent that presents with subclinical and fatal diseases in immunosuppressed individuals including HIV-infected individuals. Although the impact of HCMV infection in HIV-positive patients is well documented in several regions, epidemiologic estimates concerning HCMV co-infection among HIV-infected individuals remain limited in Libya. Hence, this cross-sectional study was undertaken to derive data regarding the prevalence of active HCMV viremia among HIVinfected individuals undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) from Libya. A total of 90 consented HIV-infected subjects followed by the National Center for Disease Control (NCDC) of Benghazi/Libya were recruited in this study and investigated for HCMV-IgG, HCMV-IgM specific antibodies, detection of HCMV lower matrix phosphoprotein (pp65) antigen, and detection of HCMV-DNA using qPCR to assess the prevalence of HCMV viremia. We determined that 77 (85.56%) of subjects were seropositive for HCMV-IgG antibodies, whereas the seropositivity for HCMV-IgM was 3.33% (3/90 subjects). Our results also revealed that 4.44% (4/90) of participants had viral antigenemia based on the laboratory diagnosis of HCMV-pp65. Regarding the PCR, we were able to detect the DNA of HCMV only in 3/90 subjects (3.33%) suggesting an active viremic condition. The detection of HCMV DNA along with the HCMV-pp65 in HIV-positive individuals highlights the necessity of early diagnosis to manage the progression of the disease. Furthermore, we highly recommend the use of anti-HCMV therapy in viremic individuals in

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

The Prevalence of Human Cytomegalovirus Viremia among HIV-1 Infected Individuals Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy

Bleiblo,

Moftah,

El-Awamie

et al. 2023

JBM

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“…Serious clinical conditions such as retinitis, pneumonia encephalitis, and enteritis may occur as an effect of the virus in individuals who do not receive ART. If the diagnosis of CMV is delayed in individuals with HIV, the deficiency in the immune system with the development of viremia accelerates the progression of HIV disease and causes an increase in mortality [25]. In the study of Gronborg et al involving HIV patients, the prevalence of CMV pneumonia ranged from 20% to 60% in patients with pulmonary symptoms, while the cause of enteritis was found in 0-14% of CMV in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Opportunistic Pathogens in People Living with HIV at a University Hospital in Istanbul over a One-Year Treatment Period and Its Association with CD4 T Cell Counts

Kirkoyun Uysal,

Koksal,

Sarsar

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Among sexually transmitted diseases, HIV causes very serious clinical manifestations that can lead to death. As a result, millions of people have to live with this problem that threatens their health. The virus attacks the immune system of the host, especially CD4+ T lymphocytes, causing the suppression of the immune system. CD4, CD8 counts, and HIV RNA viral loads are monitored in HIV-infected patients with antiretroviral treatment, and CD4 counts play an important role in determining the effectiveness of the treatment. Despite the advances in treatment in the present day, opportunistic infections are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients, and the evaluation of immunological parameters is valuable for the prognosis of the disease in this process. In the present study, the purpose was to investigate the opportunistic infections faced by naive HIV-positive patients who applied to our laboratory and were diagnosed between 2019 and 2022 during their one-year treatment period, and the correlation of the immunological parameters was also evaluated retrospectively using the hospital automation system and laboratory data. A total of 107 opportunistic causative microorganisms were identified in 87 of the 230 HIV-positive patients over one year. T. pallidum was detected in 43 (18.6%) of these patients, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in 32 (13.9%), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in 9 (3.9%), Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in 10 (4.3%), C. albicans in 7 (3%), M. tuberculosis in 3 (1.3%), Hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 2 (0.8%), and C. glabrata in 1 (0.4%) patient. Although mono-agent co-infections were determined in 69 of 87 people living with HIV, two-agent co-infections were detected in 16 HIV patients, and three-agent co-infections were identified in two HIV patients. Considering the correlation between the CD4/CD8 ratio and infection positivity, a moderate negative correlation was determined with HIV RNA viral load and CMV infection. The CD4/CD8 ratio had a low negative correlation with EBV and C. albicans infections. It was also found that the follow-up of HIV RNA load in the diagnosis of T. pallidum, CMV, EBV, and C. albicans may be meaningful. Opportunistic infections mainly affect immunosuppressed patients and can be prevented with effective treatment. Although it is already known that HIV patients may face different infections during their treatment, it was concluded that more attention should be paid to T. pallidum, CMV, EBV, and C. albicans agents. These infections should be routinely monitored with HIV viral load and the CD4/CD8 ratio.

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“…Seroprevalence of CMV infection in people living with HIV (PLWH) is also high, ranging from 50% to above 90% [3,4]. Detectable CMV viral loads are associated with increased mortality, even in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These infections last their entire life and can antagonize the immune system. The effect is more important among PLWH who are not on ART than those on ART [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CMV and HIV Coinfection in Women from a Region in Eastern Europe

Halichidis,

Aschie,

Cozaru

et al. 2023

JPM

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(1) Background: Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is one of the most frequent opportunistic infections in immunosuppressed patients. Romania has one of the highest incidences of patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which determines an immunosuppressive state. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of CMV infection among women living with HIV in Southeastern Romania and also to evaluate and correlate antiretroviral therapy (ART) with CD4 level and CMV disease evolution. (2) Methods: Seventy women living with HIV from Southeastern Romania were screened for CMV infection using antigen quantification. Of these, 50 were included in the study. First, the patients filled out a questionnaire regarding social conditions and other associated diseases. Then, we explored the statistical correlations between the data and HIV status, CD4+ cell counts, viral load, and antiretroviral therapy (ART). (3) Results: Median age of the patients was 33 years. Twenty-nine cases were diagnosed with HIV after sexual life beginning and 21 before. Most of the patients had a CD4 level over 200 cells/µL. ART duration in the CD4 under 200 cells/µL group was a bit longer than that in the CD4 over 200 cells/µL group. Forty-one patients had undetectable viremia. CD4 average value in the lot of patients with undetectable viremia was 704.71 cells/µL and in the lot with detectable viremia was 452.44 cells/µL. Viremia values correlated negatively with CD4 level. A positive correlation between IgG CMV values and ART therapy length was identified. A negative significant correlation between values of IgG CMV and values of CD4 was identified. CD4 value correlated negatively with IgG CMV values and with CMV avidity. (4) Conclusions: IgG CMV values had a weak positive correlation with ART therapy length, and a negative statistically significant correlation with values of CD4. CMV avidity has a negative correlation with CD4 value.

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Human cytomegalovirus infection among treatment-naive HIV-1 infected patients in Ethiopia

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

The Prevalence of Human Cytomegalovirus Viremia among HIV-1 Infected Individuals Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy

The Prevalence of Human Cytomegalovirus Viremia among HIV-1 Infected Individuals Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy

Distribution of Opportunistic Pathogens in People Living with HIV at a University Hospital in Istanbul over a One-Year Treatment Period and Its Association with CD4 T Cell Counts

CMV and HIV Coinfection in Women from a Region in Eastern Europe

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