Human Deaths and Third-Generation Cephalosporin use in Poultry, Europe

Collignon, Peter; Aarestrup, Frank Møller; Irwin, Rebecca; McEwen, Scott A.

doi:10.3201/eid.1908.120681

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…As a result, food animals and animal production environments have become reservoirs for antibiotic-resistant strains that are released to the environment in animal feces and then potentially spread to surrounding habitats (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). Despite a growing body of evidence that antibiotic use in animals correlates with resistance in human pathogens (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30), direct proof for movement of antibiotic resistance traits between agricultural and urban environments is difficult to provide. Nonetheless, all countries in the European Union adopted the precautionary principle and banned the use of all antibiotics as growth promoters in animal agriculture in 2006 (31).…”

Section: Antibiotics and Animal Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Insects Represent a Link between Food Animal Farms and the Urban Environment for Antibiotic Resistance Traits

Zurek

Ghosh

2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

183

107

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human pathogens, the proof for direct transmission of antibiotic resistance is difficult to provide. In this review, we make a case that insects commonly associated with food animals likely represent a direct and important link between animal farms and urban communities for antibiotic resistance traits. Houseflies and cockroaches have been shown to carry multidrug-resistant clonal lineages of bacteria identical to those found in animal manure. Furthermore, several studies have demonstrated proliferation of bacteria and horizontal transfer of resistance genes in the insect digestive tract as well as transmission of resistant bacteria by insects to new substrates. We propose that insect management should be an integral part of pre-and postharvest food safety strategies to minimize spread of zoonotic pathogens and antibiotic resistance traits from animal farms. Furthermore, the insect link between the agricultural and urban environment presents an additional argument for adopting prudent use of antibiotics in the food animal industry.

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Section: Antibiotics and Animal Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Insects Represent a Link between Food Animal Farms and the Urban Environment for Antibiotic Resistance Traits

Zurek

Ghosh

2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

183

107

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“…Estimates have ranged from almost zero to a major contribution to the human health burden [38]. Data for precise risk assessments are also scare, because there is no systematic registration of the burden associated with infections in humans caused by resistant bacteria and thus no impact factor to include in risk assessments.…”

Section: (Iv) Macrotransmission Of Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

The livestock reservoir for antimicrobial resistance: a personal view on changing patterns of risks, effects of interventions and the way forward

Aarestrup

2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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235

194

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The purpose of this review was to provide an updated overview on the use of antimicrobial agents in livestock, the associated problems for humans and current knowledge on the effects of reducing resistance in the livestock reservoir on both human health and animal production. There is still limiting data on both use of antimicrobial agents, occurrence and spread of resistance as well as impact on human health. However, in recent years, emerging issues related to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Clostridium difficile , Escherichia coli and horizontally transferred genes indicates that the livestock reservoir has a more significant impact on human health than was estimated 10 years ago, where the focus was mainly on resistance in Campylobacter and Salmonella . Studies have indicated that there might only be a marginal if any benefit from the regular use of antibiotics and have shown that it is possible to substantially reduce the use of antimicrobial agents in livestock production without compromising animal welfare or health or production. In some cases, this should be done in combination with other measures such as biosecurity and use of vaccines. To enable better studies on both the global burden and the effect of interventions, there is a need for global harmonized integrated and continuous surveillance of antimicrobial usage and antimicrobial resistance, preferably associated with data on production and animal diseases to determine the positive and negative impact of reducing antimicrobial use in livestock.

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“…Escherichia coli , and from the use of other antibiotics, is also causing serious human health concerns, particularly abroad (Collignon et al . ).…”

Section: Zoonoses and Responsible Antibiotic Usagementioning

confidence: 97%

“…In commercial poultry, antibiotic resistance arising in other bacteria, e.g. Escherichia coli, and from the use of other antibiotics, is also causing serious human health concerns, particularly abroad (Collignon et al 2013).…”

Section: Poor Biosecurity and Hygienementioning

confidence: 99%

Backyard poultry: legislation, zoonoses and disease prevention

Whitehead¹,

Roberts²

2014

J of Small Animal Practice

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In law, backyard poultry are “food‐producing animals” and “farmed animals” and are subject to regulations regarding welfare, prescribing, banned procedures, disposal of carcases, feeding bans, notifiable diseases and disease surveillance in addition to those applying to most other pets. Many owners and some veterinary surgeons are unclear about the requirements of these regulations. Backyard poultry are also associated with some different zoonotic disease risks to mammalian pets. Because a high proportion of poultry morbidity and mortality relates to infectious diseases, the health of backyard poultry is amenable to improvement through basic husbandry, biosecurity, hygiene and preventive medicine measures that can be incorporated into a simple “flock‐health plan”. This article reviews these topics.

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Human Deaths and Third-Generation Cephalosporin use in Poultry, Europe

Cited by 28 publications

References 6 publications

Insects Represent a Link between Food Animal Farms and the Urban Environment for Antibiotic Resistance Traits

Insects Represent a Link between Food Animal Farms and the Urban Environment for Antibiotic Resistance Traits

The livestock reservoir for antimicrobial resistance: a personal view on changing patterns of risks, effects of interventions and the way forward

Backyard poultry: legislation, zoonoses and disease prevention

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