Human Diet During the Stone Age and Early Metal Period (7000–1 Cal Bc) in Lithuania: An Update

Simčenka, Edvardas; Kozakaitė, Justina; Piličiauskienė, Giedrė; Gaižauskas, Lukas; Piličiauskas, Gytis

doi:10.1017/rdc.2022.41

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Similar findings from the same period are characteristic of north Lithuania [44]. Finally, the presence of C. elaphus in the human diet has been confirmed using stable isotope analysis [45].…”

Section: Historic Presence Of Red Deer In Lithuania: Holocenesupporting

confidence: 74%

Red Deer in Lithuania: History, Status and Management

Balčiauskas

Kawata

2022

Sustainability

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The history, current population status and (un)sustainable management of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Lithuania are reviewed on the basis of 57 publications and, additionally, analysis of data on numbers and hunting bag. After the extinction of the species at the beginning of the 19th century, red deer were reintroduced into the northern part of the country during World War I. Population re-establishment was further fueled after WWII by immigration from neighboring countries and local translocations. After the introduction of the Law on Hunting in 2002, which enabled hunting organizations to rent hunting grounds for longer than 10 years, local wildlife management strategies were targeted at increasing the number of animals. However, a scientifically-based target population size for C. elaphus, agreed by all major stakeholders, has still not been defined. In the last 20 years, population growth has been exponential, deer numbers in Lithuania being estimated as 68,816 individuals in 2021. An increase in the size of the hunting bag is necessary for the sustainable management of the species at the national scale and to avoid risks of over-population as observed elsewhere in Europe.

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Section: Historic Presence Of Red Deer In Lithuania: Holocenesupporting

confidence: 74%

Red Deer in Lithuania: History, Status and Management

Balčiauskas

Kawata

2022

Sustainability

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“…This could indicate a swift decline in the economic importance of the crop. Stable C and N isotope analyses of human skeletons from the Earliest Iron Age burials at Kernavė and Raginėnai show that millet did not constitute a significant portion of the studied individuals' diet (Simčenka et al 2022). Moreover, a drop in the importance of millet is also evident in the Roman Iron Age sites such as Bilionys and Naukaimis-Gabrieliškės fortified settlements, and Bakšiai, Lieporiai and Skudeniai unenclosed settlements, where the amount of up to 5% of the total crop remains is recorded (Minkevičius 2020;Vengalis et al forthcoming).…”

Section: S E Tt L E M E Nt P Att E R N a N D S U B S I S T E N C Ementioning

confidence: 89%

Hidden landscapes of the Earliest Iron Age: Excavations at Kakliniškės 7 reveal an overlooked settlement phase in southern Lithuania

Minkevičius¹,

Valančius²,

Vengalis³

2022

Archaeologia Baltica

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The article presents the data from Kakliniškės 7 settlement site, discovered and excavated in 2020 during the construction of the gas pipeline. The rich and representative collection of pottery and archaeobotanical material gathered in the site have provided valuable data on the hitherto unknown 4th century BC in Lithuania. Pottery such as that found at Kakliniškės 7 has not previously been identified, and is therefore referred to here as Kakliniškės Ware. These are pots with slightly curved walls, rounded shoulders and vertical rims, featuring a striated surface topped with an additional coarse layer. The defined attributes of this new type of pottery have allowed the identification of the same ware in other settlement and burial sites in southeastern Lithuania and the Trans-Nemunas region. All of these settlement sites share some common features; most likely they are the sites of short-lived farmsteads belonging to highly dispersed settlements. Such data allow us to hypothesise a hitherto unidentified cultural group that briefly spread in southern Lithuania in the 4th century BC. This challenges the prevailing model of a static cultural development and a homogeneous material culture in the 1st millennium BC in all of eastern Lithuania. Our data show that the cultural situation here was much more dynamic than previously thought.

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“…Furthermore, potential isotopic dietary differences between specific Lithuanian regions represented by different cemeteries or groups of burial sites were also explored. Finally, by using isotopic data of a large number (n=100) of faunal bone collagen samples from multiple other studies (Antanaitis-Jacobs et al 2009;Heron et al 2015;Piličiauskas et al 2017a;2017b;Bliujienė et al 2020;Simčenka et al 2022), a more detailed dietary baseline for prehistoric Lithuanian human populations was established.…”

Section: Archaeologia Baltica 30mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the purpose of establishing the human dietary baseline, the isotopic data of 100 faunal samples which were published in other studies was used (Table 3; Antanaitis-Jacobs et al 2009;Heron et al 2015;Piličiauskas et al 2017a;2017b;Bliujienė et al 2020;Simčenka et al 2022).…”

Section: Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human diet in Lithuania during the Late Roman and Migration periods ( ca. 200–700 AD) based on stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data

Simčenka,

Kurila,

Kozakaitė

et al. 2023

Archaeologia Baltica

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In this study, 71 human individuals were subjected to stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analysis of bone collagen samples for the purpose of determining human dietary patterns in Lithuania during the Late Roman and Migration periods. More specifically, based on the isotopic data, the aim was to determine and evaluate any potential dietary differences between individuals on the basis of their sex, age, social status and place of residence during the periods in question. The results of this study suggest that there were isotopically clearly distinguishable dietary differences between individuals from different parts/regions of Lithuania. Also, statistically significant dietary differences (on the basis of δ15N values) between males and females were observed (although, when making the same sex-based isotopic comparisons at an individual site level, the same result was observed only among those from Marvelė cemetery). However, no statistically significant isotopic differences were detected between different social or age groups. Overall, these results give us one of the first glimpses into the types of dietary habits practiced by people in various parts of Lithuania during the Roman and Migration periods, which could also serve as a good starting point for future investigations into other dietary aspects in the territories and periods in question that still remain unknown.

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Human Diet During the Stone Age and Early Metal Period (7000–1 Cal Bc) in Lithuania: An Update

Cited by 13 publications

References 41 publications

Red Deer in Lithuania: History, Status and Management

Red Deer in Lithuania: History, Status and Management

Hidden landscapes of the Earliest Iron Age: Excavations at Kakliniškės 7 reveal an overlooked settlement phase in southern Lithuania

Human diet in Lithuania during the Late Roman and Migration periods ( ca. 200–700 AD) based on stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data

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