Human disturbance and upward expansion of plants in a warming climate

Dainese, Matteo; Aikio, Sami; Hulme, Philip E.; Bertolli, Alessio; Prosser, Filippo; Marini, Lorenzo

doi:10.1038/nclimate3337

Cited by 126 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The vertical spread of non‐native species, as investigations of Hawaii and New Zealand suggest might occur, and the facilitation by climate change (warming) of upslope range extensions of non‐native species (Pauchard et al., ) are likely to pose a significant ecological threat to native species at higher elevations. Although, with warming climates, both native and non‐native species are expected to shift to higher elevations in tracking optimal temperatures (Dainese et al., ; Petitpierre et al., ), native species on mountaintops are likely to be most at risk from local extirpation because no other habitat is available to them (Hellmann, Byers, Bierwagen, & Dukes, ; Nogues‐Bravo et al., ). While there is some debate about the outcomes of competition among native and non‐native species (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global analysis of elevational distribution of non‐native versus native plants

Guo

Fei

Shen

et al. 2018

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Much is known about the elevational diversity patterns of native species and about the mechanisms that drive these patterns. A similar level of understanding is needed for non‐native species. Using published data, we examine elevational diversity patterns of non‐native plants and compare the resulting patterns with those observed for native plants. Location Global. Methods We compiled data from 65 case studies on elevational diversity patterns of non‐native plants around the world (including 32 cases in which both non‐native and native plants were sampled). We compared the elevational distributions (upper and lower limits, and extents) and diversity patterns of non‐native and native species. Results Compared to native plant species, the elevational diversity patterns of non‐native plant species were more negative (47% vs. 13%) and less unimodal (44% vs. 84%). That is, non‐native species richness tended to be highest at lower elevations, whereas native species richness peaked at mid‐elevations. In cases where species richness for both non‐native and native species on the same mountains showed unimodal patterns in relation to elevation, maximum values in species richness occurred at lower elevations for non‐native species. Main conclusions At present levels of invasion, non‐native and native species show different patterns in both distribution and diversity along elevational gradients worldwide. However, our observations constitute a snapshot of ongoing, long‐term invasion processes. As non‐native species typically show strong associations with human activities, future changes in human population (e.g. growth and migration), land use and climate change may promote upward spread of non‐native species and may thus increase risks of impact on native species and communities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global analysis of elevational distribution of non‐native versus native plants

Guo

Fei

Shen

et al. 2018

Journal of Biogeography

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“…Climate change together with other anthropogenic disturbances are expected to cause the upward movement of invasive plant species from plains to mountain regions especially in the protected forested areas (Diez et al, 2012;Dainese et al, 2017); and this upward movement is projected to happen at a rapid rate (Dainese et al, 2017). Such studies have also been carried out on the spread of the IAPS in protected forested landscapes of the Himalayan Mountains (Adhikari et al, 2015;Carboni et al, 2018;Lamsal et al, 2018).…”

Section: Plant Invasion In Diverse Environment Protected Areas and Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive alien plant species: Their impact on environment, ecosystem services and human health

Kumar

Singh

2020

Ecological Indicators

294

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Ecological perturbations caused by biotic invasion have been identified as a growing threat to global sustainability. Invasive alien plants species (IAPS) are considered to be one of the major drivers of biodiversity loss and thereby altering the ecosystem services and socio-economic conditions through different mechanisms. Although the ecological impacts of IAPS are well documented, there is a dearth of studies regarding their economic quantification, livelihood considerations, biotechnological prospects (phytoremediation, bioenergy, phytosynthesis of nanoparticles, biomedical, industrial applications etc.) and human health risk assessments of IAPS. In this context, the current panoramic review aimed to investigate the environmental, socio-ecological and health risks posed by IAPS as well as the compounded impact of IAPS with habitat fragmentation, climate and land use changes. To this end, the need of an integrated trans-disciplinary research is emphasized for the sustainable management of IAPS. The management prospects can be further strengthened through their linkage with geo-spatial technologies (remote sensing and GIS) by mapping and monitoring the IAPS spread. Further, the horizon of IAPS management is expanded to ecological indicator perspectives of IAPS, biosecurity, and risk assessment protocols with critical discussion. Moreover, positive as well as negative implications of the IAPS on environment, health, ecosystem services and socio-economy (livelihood) are listed so that a judicious policy framework could be developed for the IAPS management in order to mitigate the human health implications.

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“…As a result of global change, temperate mountains are expected to become more susceptible to plant invasions, especially when climate warming is coupled with human disturbance. Despite high elevations still being little invaded by exotic plants, recent findings have indicated how these areas may become more susceptible to species invasion as a consequences of increased disturbance (Dainese et al, ). Here, we demonstrated that, despite the number of exotics decreased with elevation, soil disturbance strongly reduced the number of natives, total biomass and plant cover after one year, in particular at high elevations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most exotic plants have been introduced in the lowlands, where human settlements are concentrated and exotic propagule pressure is greatest (Marini, Gaston, Prosser, & Hulme, ; Alexander et al, ; Marini et al, ; Dainese, Kühn, & Bragazza, ). Mountain roads subsequently facilitate exotic invasions along elevation gradients by acting as corridors for dispersal, and being reservoirs of exotic propagules (Parendes & Jones, ; Pauchard et al, ; Dainese et al, ; Lembrechts et al, ; Sandoya, Pauchard, & Cavieres, ; Haider et al, ). Exotic species often originate from warm, lowland regions, and are therefore expected to have a restricted elevational range in the invaded temperate mountain areas (Pyšek, Sádlo, Mandák, & Jarošík, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment dynamics of native and exotic plants after disturbance along roadsides

Corcos

Nascimbene

Campesan

et al. 2020

Applied Vegetation Science

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Questions How does small‐scale soil disturbance influence establishment dynamics of native and exotic species along roadsides? Does soil disturbance provide potential opportunities to exotic invasions along elevational gradients? Does the established plant community after disturbance reflect the surrounding vegetation? Location Prealps, Italy. Methods To disentangle the role of elevation and soil disturbance in promoting exotic invasions, we performed a manipulative experiment along 12 roads spanning an elevational gradient of ca. 1,200 m. Additionally, we sampled species richness of native and exotic plants in the surroundings of the experimental plots. Results Soil disturbance reduced species richness of native plants, total plant biomass and vegetation cover compared to the undisturbed plots. The decrease in species richness of natives and plant biomass was stronger at higher than lower elevations, suggesting higher colonization opportunities for exotics. However, exotic species richness did not increase with disturbance, probably due to a low propagule and colonization pressure. We observed strong species replacement between control and disturbed plots, indicating that plant communities established after disturbance were not a subset of species communities already occurring in the surrounding vegetation. Conclusions With increasing elevation, disturbance had a stronger negative effect on native than on exotic species. Higher elevations, hitherto considered to have low invasibility, may provide new potential colonization opportunities for exotics but only if disturbance is coupled with an increased propagule pressure. Disturbance along roadsides promoted the establishment of species that did not occur in the surrounding vegetation.

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Human disturbance and upward expansion of plants in a warming climate

Cited by 126 publications

References 42 publications

A global analysis of elevational distribution of non‐native versus native plants

A global analysis of elevational distribution of non‐native versus native plants

Invasive alien plant species: Their impact on environment, ecosystem services and human health

Establishment dynamics of native and exotic plants after disturbance along roadsides

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