Human DPSCs fabricate vascularized woven bone tissue: a new tool in bone tissue engineering

Abstract

Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells that have been successfully used in human bone tissue engineering. To establish whether these cells can lead to a bone tissue ready to be grafted, we checked DPSCs for their osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation capabilities with the specific aim of obtaining a new tool for bone transplantation. Therefore, hDPSCs were specifically selected from the stromal–vascular dental pulp fraction, using appropriate markers, and cultured. Growth curves, expression of bone-related markers, calcification and angiogenesis as well as an in vivo transplantation assay were performed. We found that hDPSCs proliferate, differentiate into osteoblasts and express high levels of angiogenic genes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor A. Human DPSCs, after 40 days of culture, give rise to a 3D structure resembling a woven fibrous bone. These woven bone (WB) samples were analysed using classic histology and synchrotron-based, X-ray phase-contrast microtomography and holotomography. WB showed histological and attractive physical qualities of bone with few areas of mineralization and neovessels. Such WB, when transplanted into rats, was remodelled into vascularized bone tissue. Taken together, our data lead to the assumption that WB samples, fabricated by DPSCs, constitute a noteworthy tool and do not need the use of scaffolds, and therefore they are ready for customized regeneration.

Stiffness regulates the proliferation and osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells via the WNT signalling pathway

“…In recent years, tissue engineering has been widely focused and considered an important approach to restore damaged tissues and organs . The emergence of tissue engineering technology enables the successful isolation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and the use of DPSCs for repair of bone tissues or dentin‐pulp tissue and even for the construction of natural teeth . DPSCs are tissue‐specific stem cells with a high proliferation rate, self‐renewal capability and high accessibility.…”

“…[1][2][3][4] The emergence of tissue engineering technology enables the successful isolation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and the use of DPSCs for repair of bone tissues or dentin-pulp tissue and even for the construction of natural teeth. [5][6][7][8] DPSCs are tissuespecific stem cells with a high proliferation rate, self-renewal capability and high accessibility. Studies have demonstrated that DPSCs can differentiate to multiple cell lineages, including osteoblast, 9 chondrocytes, 10 odontoblasts 11,12 and neuronal cells.…”

Deferoxamine-Induced Migration and Odontoblast Differentiation via ROS-Dependent Autophagy in Dental Pulp Stem Cells

“…Due to the easily accessible source of dental tissues, dental-derived stem cells are considered suitable candidates for tissue engineering applications [1, 2]. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), isolated from human dental pulp tissue, possess multilineage differentiation potential, including osteogenic, dentinogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, myogenic, and neurogenic differentiation [3].…”

Small G protein signaling modulator 3 (SGSM3) knockdown attenuates apoptosis and cardiogenic differentiation in rat mesenchymal stem cells exposed to hypoxia

“…Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can isolated various sources including bone marrow, trabecular and cortical bone, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood, and dental pulp and differentiate into multi-lineage according to sources such as osteoblast, chondrocytes, adipocytes, cardiomyocytes, tenocytes, muscle cells, fibroblast, and neuron [1][2][3][4][5]. Over the past decades, there has been tremendous focus on attempts to repair cardiac tissue with stem cell transplantation, and MSCs have been widely studied in both animal models and clinical trials [6,7].…”