Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Multiple Sclerosis: Potential for Novel Neuro-Pharmacological Research

Fp, Ryan

doi:10.2174/157015911795596568

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This hypothesis opens the possibility of a co-contributing role or predisposing factors that will require additional studies on the HERV-W/MSRV brain proteomic profile in different ethnic populations [ 147 ]. In fact, considering the non-specific super-Ag activity of HERV-W/MSRV Env showed neuropathogenic effects coincident with the major hallmarks of MS inflammation [ 125 ], the HERV-W group could participate in a complex inflammatory interplay with other not fully understood factors, including genetic predisposition and exogenous infections [ 97 , 148 ]. It is noteworthy that a therapeutic treatment targeting HERV-W/MSRV has been proposed as a possible innovative approach for MS using the GNbAC1 monoclonal Ab developed to selectively recognize MSRV Env.…”

Section: Herv-w Expression In Ms and Other Autoimmune Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type W Human Endogenous Retrovirus (HERV-W) Integrations and Their Mobilization by L1 Machinery: Contribution to the Human Transcriptome and Impact on the Host Physiopathology

Grandi

2017

Viruses

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Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) are ancient infection relics constituting ~8% of our DNA. While HERVs’ genomic characterization is still ongoing, impressive amounts of data have been obtained regarding their general expression across tissues. Among HERVs, one of the most studied is the W group, which is the sole HERV group specifically mobilized by the long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) machinery, providing a source of novel insertions by retrotransposition of HERV-W processed pseudogenes, and comprising a member encoding a functional envelope protein coopted for human placentation. The HERV-W group has been intensively investigated for its putative role in several diseases, such as cancer, inflammation, and autoimmunity. Despite major interest in the link between HERV-W expression and human pathogenesis, no conclusive correlation has been demonstrated so far. In general, (i) the absence of a proper identification of the specific HERV-W sequences expressed in a given condition; and (ii) the lack of studies attempting to connect the various observations in the same experimental conditions are the major problems preventing the definitive assessment of the HERV-W impact on human physiopathology. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the HERV-W group presence within the human genome and its expression in physiological tissues as well as in the main pathological contexts.

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Section: Herv-w Expression In Ms and Other Autoimmune Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type W Human Endogenous Retrovirus (HERV-W) Integrations and Their Mobilization by L1 Machinery: Contribution to the Human Transcriptome and Impact on the Host Physiopathology

Grandi

2017

Viruses

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“…As a member of the HERV‐W family, Multiple sclerosis‐associated retrovirus (MSRV) is replication competent and its sequences has been frequently found from MS patients . Although the complex inflammatory interplay with other factors is yet to be defined, MSRV Env gene has been suggested to play a role as a co‐factor in the immuno‐pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis either through inducing a potent inflammatory response or the gene itself is being induced by inflammatory factors . In response to certain inflammatory products or infectious agents, MSRV is also shown to encodes a protein that displays both inflammatory role .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple sclerosis‐associated retrovirus, Epstein‐Barr virus, and vitamin D status in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis

Mostafa

Jalilvand

Shoja

et al. 2017

Journal of Medical Virology

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The relationship between infections and autoimmune diseases is complex and there are several reports highlighting the role of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) in these patients. The levels of multiple sclerosis-associated retrovirus (MSRV)-type DNA of Env gene was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 52 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and 40 healthy controls using specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. Furthermore, we analyzed the status of HERV-W/MSRV in these patients with regards to both EBV (DNA load and anti-EBNA1 IgG antibody) and vitamin D concentration. MSRV DNA copy number were significantly higher in RRMS patients than healthy controls (P < 0.0001). Interestingly, an inverse correlation was found between MSRV DNA copy number and serum vitamin D concentration (P < 0.01), but not for EBV load or anti-EBNA-1 IgG antibody.

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“…45 Since then, research has been made on this field and it has been demonstrated that its presence is more frequent in MS patients than in controls. 46 Further, a replicationincompetent member of the HERV-W family was also found to be associated with MS. 47 So far, it is not entirely clear if the higher frequency of these retrovirus in MS patients has any pathogenic role or if it may only represent an irrelevant epiphenomenon.…”

Section: Gnbac1 (Anti-msrv-env)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoclonal Antibodies for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment

Palavra

2015

Acta Med Port

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RESUMODesde a sua introdução na terapêutica médica, no último quarto do século XX, os anticorpos monoclonais têm ganho cada vez mais importância no tratamento de várias doenças. A Neurologia tem sido uma das especialidades médicas a beneficiar do potencial terapêutico destes anticorpos monoclonais e algumas doenças neurológicas podem já contar com fármacos deste tipo nos seus algoritmos terapêuticos. A esclerose múltipla é uma dessas doenças e, para além dos já licenciados para utilização clínica, são vários os anticorpos monoclonais que se encontram em desenvolvimento para futura utilização nesta área específica. O futuro passará certamente por fármacos deste tipo e, neste artigo, far-se-á uma revisão dos dados mais relevantes relacionados com os anticorpos monoclonais já em uso e também em desenvolvimento clínico para tratamento da esclerose múltipla. Palavras-chave: Anticorpos Monoclonais; Ensaios Clínicos; Esclerose Múltipla. ABSTRACTSince their introduction in medical therapy, in the last quarter of the 20 th century, monoclonal antibodies have gained an increasing importance in the treatment of various diseases. Neurology has been one of the medical specialties benefiting of the therapeutic potential of these monoclonal antibodies and certain neurological conditions may now contain such drugs in their therapeutic algorithms. Multiple sclerosis is one of these diseases and, in addition to the monoclonal antibodies already licensed for clinical use, several others are in development for future utilization in this specific area. The future will certainly pass through this kind of drugs and, in this article, a review of the most relevant data related to monoclonal antibodies already in use and also in clinical development for multiple sclerosis treatment will be performed.

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Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Multiple Sclerosis: Potential for Novel Neuro-Pharmacological Research

Cited by 20 publications

References 46 publications

Type W Human Endogenous Retrovirus (HERV-W) Integrations and Their Mobilization by L1 Machinery: Contribution to the Human Transcriptome and Impact on the Host Physiopathology

Type W Human Endogenous Retrovirus (HERV-W) Integrations and Their Mobilization by L1 Machinery: Contribution to the Human Transcriptome and Impact on the Host Physiopathology

Multiple sclerosis‐associated retrovirus, Epstein‐Barr virus, and vitamin D status in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis

Monoclonal Antibodies for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment

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