Human Energy Expenditure

Passmore, R.; Durnin, J. V. G. A.

doi:10.1152/physrev.1955.35.4.801

Cited by 622 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The physical activity score, based on the frequency, duration, and intensity of exercise undertaken in the 4 weeks prior to the study, was calculated for each individual (as the best approximate available), and energy expenditure was calculated according to published data. 12 Blood pressure was measured with a random-zero sphygmomanometer (Hawksley and Sons) after a 10-minute rest and with the subject in the sitting position. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured at the time of the first and fifth Korotkoff sounds, respectively.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abdominal Obesity, Impaired Nonesterified Fatty Acid Suppression, and Insulin-Mediated Glucose Disposal Are Early Metabolic Abnormalities in Families With Premature Myocardial Infarction

Kooner

Baliga

Wilding

et al. 1998

ATVB

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Abstract-British Indian Asian men aged Ͻ40 years have a twofold to threefold increased risk of death from coronary heart disease (CHD) compared with British whites. Epidemiological studies have suggested an association between glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia with premature CHD in Indian Asians. We tested the association of insulin action with myocardial infarction (MI) by using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in 17 MI patients: 8 Punjabi Sikhs (PSMIs), 9 British whites (BWMIs), and 17 control subjects (9 PSCs and 8 BWCs Key Words: myocardial infarction Ⅲ abdominal obesity Ⅲ nonesterified fatty acids Ⅲ insulin resistance P remature CHD mortality is higher in British Indian Asians than in British whites. 1 Increased mortality in Indian Asians is particularly marked in men aged 30 to 39 years, in whom the relative risk of death from CHD is 2, and in men aged 20 to 29, for whom the relative risk is 3, compared with age-matched whites.1 Conventional risk factors, including smoking, hypercholesterolemia, or hypertension, do not account for the higher cardiovascular mortality in this population group.2 In fact, the prevalence of these risk factors is generally reduced in Indian Asians compared with whites.2 Insulin resistance and its metabolic consequences are increasingly recognized as risk factors for CHD.3-11 However, the association of insulin action with MI has not been formally examined in Indian Asians or in British whites. We studied Punjabi Sikh (Indian Asian [PS]) survivors of premature MI for defects of insulin action. A comparable group of white MI survivors (BWMI) was also studied. Familial aggregation of defective insulin action was examined by investigating first-degree relatives of Sikh MI patients to search for early markers of MI. Methods SubjectsSeventeen male MI patients (8 PSMIs and 9 BWMIs) and 17 control subjects (9 PSCs and 8 BWCs) underwent the hyperinsulinemiceuglycemic clamp study to test the association of insulin action with MI. Fifty-one male MI patients (24 PSMIs and 27 BWMIs) and 53

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Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abdominal Obesity, Impaired Nonesterified Fatty Acid Suppression, and Insulin-Mediated Glucose Disposal Are Early Metabolic Abnormalities in Families With Premature Myocardial Infarction

Kooner

Baliga

Wilding

et al. 1998

ATVB

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“…It is possible, however, that the energy cost of exercise might differ in the two groups. A large variability in both the daily energy cost of a given exercise in the same individual and in the energy cost of a given exercise between individuals is known to exist although the underlying reasons for these differences are not understood (Passmore & Durnin, 1955;Apfelbaum, 1973;Garrow, 1974). However, it is unlikely that such differences could account for the observed differences in metabolic efficiency.…”

Section: Ns Ns Nsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the thermic responses to a meal and to a sympathomimetic drug (ephedrine) in relation to energy balance in man

et al. 1982

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1. Sixteen adult male volunteers were selected on the basis of body size and customary food intake: half could be described as 'lean' and habitually consuming large amounts of food (group mean +SEM: 15.03k 1.13 MJ/d), the high-energy-intake group (HE1 group), and half though 'lean' admitted to a weight problem and regularly consumed a lower than average food intake (group mean ~S E M :6.90k0.39 MJ/d), the low-energy-intake group (LEI group).2. Energy expenditure was measured by open-circuit indirect calorimetry. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was recorded. A meal (Complan, either 2.1 MJ or 4.2 MJ), ephedrine hydrochloride (0.25 mg and 0.50 mg/kg body-weight) or a water control were then administered and metabolic rate (MR) was measured for 4 h. Blood was collected before and 1 h after the meal or drug, and the serum analysed for various hormones and blood metabolites.3. The size of the thermic response to feeding but not the time-course was related to meal size in both groups. MR increased by 21.6 and 28.6% in the HE1 group and by 8.2 and 20.0% in the LEI group in response to the 2.1 and 4.2 MJ Complan meals respectively. Fasting insulin levels were similar in both groups but showed a significantly higher level in the LEI than HE1 group after the Complan meals.4. The mean RMR increased by 5.2 and 10.3% in the LEI in response to ephedrine and by 15.7 and 11.2% in the HE1 groups after 0.25 mg and 0.50 mg ephedrine/kg respectively. The rise in serum-free fatty acids in response to ephedrine was significantly higher in the HE1 group than in the LEI group.5. These results suggest (1) the meal size required to promote a maximum thermic effect is smaller in energeticallyinefficient individuals (2) the sensitivity to a sympathomimetic drug is also increased in energetically-inefficient individuals.6. We conclude that in energetically-efficient individuals both the thermic response to a meal and the sympathetic-mediated thermogenesis are lower than in energetically-inefficient ones.In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the mechanisms involved in maintaining energy balance. In particular, the possibility that the regulation of energy expenditure may be fundamental to the control of body-weight has been investigated in both animal and human studies. Thus, the ability to increase energy expenditure after prolonged overfeeding of carbohydrate in man (Sims et al. 1973) or of cafeteria diets in rats (Rothwell & Stock, 1979) has been well documented. This facultative thermogenesis involves an increase in the resting metabolic rate (RMR) and may be mediated through sympathetic stimulation of brown adipose tissue metabolism and other thermogenic pathways in much the same way as cold-mediated thennogenesis.A second component of diet-related thermogenesis is the extra heat production associated with each individual meal, the thermic effect of feeding (TEF), which may lead to a 1040% increase in RMR after feeding (Bray, 1970; Miller, 1976). Although reports are conflicting, a critical evaluation of the evidence (G...

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“…All current estimates of the rate of energy expenditure for drumming are referenced to a single article published in 1955 by Passmore and Durnin [10]. Primary data for drumming in this article were from two German research papers published in 1924 [15] and 1926 [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The type of drumming used, together with low subject numbers (one per instrument measured in some cases) mean that the findings of Tigerstedt and Olin [15] and Loewy and Schroetter [7] should not be considered as a useful reference point for estimating energy expenditure during contemporary rock / pop drumming. Furthermore, Passmore and Durnin [10] also misquoted the results from the primary research, reporting the maximum values as mean values for energy expenditure in drumming. It is clear therefore that an investigation into the energy cost of contemporary rock / pop drumming is warranted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Expenditure in Rock/Pop Drumming

et al. 2013

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Despite the vigorous nature of rock/pop drumming, there are no precise data on the energy expenditure of this activity. The aim of this study was to quantify the energy cost of rock/pop drumming. Fourteen male drummers (mean?SD; age 27?8 yrs.) completed an incremental drumming test to establish the relationship between energy expenditure and heart rate for this activity and a ramped cycle ergometer test to exhaustion as a criterion measure for peak values (oxygen uptake and heart rate). During live concert performance heart rate was continuously measured and used to estimate energy expenditure (from the energy expenditure vs. heart rate data derived from the drumming test). During concert performance, estimated energy expenditure (mean?SD) was 623?168?kcal.h?1 (8.1?2.2 METs) during performances of 38.6?15.6?min, and drummers achieved a peak heart rate of 186?16 b.min?1 During the drumming test participants attained 78.7?8.3% of the cycle ergometer peak oxygen uptake. Rock/pop drumming represents a relatively high-intensity form of physical activity and as such involves significant energy expenditure. Rock/pop drumming should be considered as a viable alternative to more traditional forms of physical activity.

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Human Energy Expenditure

Cited by 622 publications

References 34 publications

Abdominal Obesity, Impaired Nonesterified Fatty Acid Suppression, and Insulin-Mediated Glucose Disposal Are Early Metabolic Abnormalities in Families With Premature Myocardial Infarction

Abdominal Obesity, Impaired Nonesterified Fatty Acid Suppression, and Insulin-Mediated Glucose Disposal Are Early Metabolic Abnormalities in Families With Premature Myocardial Infarction

A study of the thermic responses to a meal and to a sympathomimetic drug (ephedrine) in relation to energy balance in man

Energy Expenditure in Rock/Pop Drumming

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