Human enteric Caliciviridae: a new prevalent small round-structured virus group defined by RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and capsid diversity

Green, SM; Dingle, Kate E.; Pr, Lambden; Eo, Caul; Cr, Ashley; Clarke, Ian N.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-75-8-1883

Cited by 102 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The sequence type identified is unusual, showing only 69 % identity with the closest well characterized strain (Melksham virus). In the United Kingdom, the most prevalent strains in circulation are Lordsdale-like viruses [13] although a similar variant to the one identified in this outbreak has been reported previously in the United Kingdom [17].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

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Evidence for airborne transmission of Norwalk-like virus (NLV) in a hotel restaurant

et al. 2000

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SUMMARYAn outbreak of gastroenteritis followed a meal in a large hotel during which one of the diners vomited. The clinical features of the illness suggested Norwalk-like virus (NLV, small round structured virus) infection, and this was confirmed by electron microscopy and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of stool samples. Further characterization of the virus by nucleotide sequence analysis of the PCR amplicons revealed identical strains in all the affected individuals. The foods served at the meal could not be demonstrated to be the cause of the outbreak. Analysis of attack rates by dining table showed an inverse relationship with the distance from the person who vomited. No one eating in a separate restaurant reported illness. Transmission from person-to-person or direct contamination of food seems unlikely in this outbreak. However, the findings are consistent with airborne spread of NLV with infection by inhalation with subsequent ingestion of virus particles.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…NLVs were captured onto formvar/carbon grids coated with anti-human IgG and human convalescent serum as described previously [13] and then viewed using a Philips 420 electron microscope (x62 500).…”

Section: Solid Phase Immune Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for airborne transmission of Norwalk-like virus (NLV) in a hotel restaurant

et al. 2000

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“…Two genogroups infect humans (genogroup I [GI] and GII) (9,15), and each can be subdivided into up to 10 phylogenetic clades (1,30). In contrast to the wider community, outbreaks in healthcare settings are usually caused by a small number of GII strains (18), with a Lordsdale virus-like GII strain (GII clade 4 [GII 4]) predominating (7,8,10,20).…”

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confidence: 99%

Mutation in a Lordsdale Norovirus Epidemic Strain as a Potential Indicator of Transmission Routes

Dingle

2004

J Clin Microbiol

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An increase in norovirus outbreaks was reported internationally during 2002 and 2003 and was also observed in Oxfordshire (United Kingdom) hospitals. To understand their epidemiological relationships, viruses from 22 outbreaks (15 from one hospital) were subjected to nucleotide sequencing. The 3-terminal 3,255 nt or complete genomes were determined for 49 viruses. All outbreaks were caused by a genogroup II norovirus related to the Lordsdale virus (GII 4), common in healthcare settings. The norovirus mutation rate was sufficiently high that the 3,255-nucleotide sequences allowed separate and potentially connected outbreaks to be identified, since all outbreaks with identical sequences were temporally or geographically linked. The high mutation rate was further indicated by four mutations and three microheterogeneities in 3,255 nucleotides during 17 days of norovirus shedding by an immunocompromised patient. The data suggested that multiple virus introductions from the community, occasional transmission among wards, and one instance of ongoing environmental contamination had occurred. The accumulation, or lack, of mutations within an outbreak was also used to indicate the predominant transmission route. In an outbreak where person-to-person spread was thought to predominate, six mutations were detected throughout the genome, whereas one mutation was detected when point source infection was suspected. This norovirus epidemic strain differed from its closest previously described relative by 11.4 to 13.6% in the outer P2 domain of the capsid, which also had a single-amino-acid insertion. Alterations to the capsid structure compared to previous noroviruses may explain the increased number of outbreaks during 2002 and 2003.

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“…NLVs were detected using RT-PCR with primers derived from the nucleotide sequences of the Camberwell and Bristol viruses (SRSV genogroup IIb). [4][5][6] …”

Section: Microbiological Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value of a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay for Norwalk-like viruses in the investigation of institutional gastroenteritis outbreaks

Ferson¹,

Yankos²,

Pontivivo³

et al. 1999

NSW Public Health Bull.

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Human enteric Caliciviridae: a new prevalent small round-structured virus group defined by RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and capsid diversity

Cited by 102 publications

References 17 publications

Evidence for airborne transmission of Norwalk-like virus (NLV) in a hotel restaurant

Evidence for airborne transmission of Norwalk-like virus (NLV) in a hotel restaurant

Mutation in a Lordsdale Norovirus Epidemic Strain as a Potential Indicator of Transmission Routes

Value of a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay for Norwalk-like viruses in the investigation of institutional gastroenteritis outbreaks

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