Human enterovirus infection in stray dogs. Some aspects of interest to public health

Abstract

To investigate the possible role of domestic animals as reservoirs of human enteroviruses, we studied 212 stray dogs captured in different areas of the municipality of São Paulo. The captured animals were divided into 19 groups of 10 to 20 dogs each; faeces of 126 of the 212 dogs were processed for enterovirus isolation. The following viruses were isolated from 12 dogs: poliovirus type 1 (2 dogs), poliovirus type 3 (1 dog), echovirus type 7 (8 dogs) and echovirus type 15 (1 dog). Of the 12 infected animals, four had specific homotypic neutralizing antibody titres > 16. All 212 animals were tested for the presence of neutralizing antibodies to human enteroviruses. The frequency of neutralizing antibodies present in titres of > 16 was 10.3%, 3,8% and 4.3% for vaccinal prototypes of polioviruses 1, 2 and 3 respectively; 1,9%, 1.4% and 1.5% for wild prototypes of the same viruses, 11.3% for echovirus 7, and 2.4% for echovirus 15. The proportion of dogs with neutralizing antibodies varied with the virus studied. Some indication of the susceptibility of dogs to infection with human enteroviruses was demonstrated, and the importance of this fact for the Plan for Global Eradication of the Wild Poliovirus is discussed.

Sources of microbial pathogens in municipal solid waste landfills in the United States of America

“…Human enteroviruses were detected in the faeces of dogs in Brazil with incidence between 1.5 and 11% of the dogs (Waldman et al, 1996). polio, echo and Coxsackie) can also be present in pet faeces.…”

“…polio, echo and Coxsackie) can also be present in pet faeces. Human enteroviruses were detected in the faeces of dogs in Brazil with incidence between 1.5 and 11% of the dogs (Waldman et al, 1996). It was reported that enteroviruses were detected in 10% of the dog faeces that were tested at an average concentration of 5.0 Â 10 5 plaque forming units (PFU) g À1 (Clapper, 1970;Grew et al, 1970).…”

Relationship between the incidence of type 1 diabetes and maternal enterovirus antibodies: time trends and geographical variation

“…The endemic and epidemic viruses vary annually and also between different areas, and are often found in sewage, surface water and seawater [11][12][13][14]. Human enteroviruses are mostly restricted to humans but several of them have occasionally been detected also in animals [15][16][17]. Along with an increased standard of living, improved hygiene and diminished crowding may have decreased the transmission rate of enteroviruses in many countries.…”

Molecular Identification of Enteric Viruses in Domestic Animals in Northeastern Gabon, Central Africa

“…By contrast, although this is the first identification of EV-C99 in dogs, EV infections in dogs have been extensively investigated from the 1960s to the 1990s. These investigations sought to understand how polioviruses and enteroviruses are perpetuated for a better global eradication of polioviruses [51,52]. In these studies, detection of neutralizing antibodies in blood and viral isolation from feces or nasal swabs showed that human EVs, including coxsackieviruses, polioviruses and human echoviruses, can infect dogs.…”

“…In these studies, detection of neutralizing antibodies in blood and viral isolation from feces or nasal swabs showed that human EVs, including coxsackieviruses, polioviruses and human echoviruses, can infect dogs. [51,52]. The first identification of an EV-C99 strain dates back to 2000.…”