Human Equality, Affirmative Action, and Genetic Models of Human Variation

Condit, Celeste M.; Condit, Deirdre M.; Achter, Paul

doi:10.1353/rap.2001.0003

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This is not to say that any belief in genetics necessarily is associated with racism. Indeed, the discoveries that all human beings share 99.9% of their DNA with each other and that most of the 0.1% of difference is interindividual rather than intergroup have both been important findings used to bolster antiracism, especially during the 1990s (20). However, the message of race-based pharmacogenomics represents an emphasis on the 15% of that 0.1% difference that is assigned to intercontinental differences, which are then interpreted by some geneticists as equivalent to 'races' (21).…”

Section: Genetic Determinism and Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

How lay people respond to messages about genetics, health, and race

Condit

Bates

2005

Clinical Genetics

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There is a growing movement in medical genetics to develop, implement, and promote a model of race-based medicine. Although race-based medicine may become a widely disseminated standard of care, messages that advocate race-based selection for diagnosing, screening and prescribing drugs may exacerbate health disparities. These messages are present in clinical genetic counseling sessions, mass media, and everyday talk. Messages promoting linkages among genes, race, and health and messages emphasizing genetic causation may promote both general racism and genetically based racism. This mini-review examines research in three areas: studies that address the effects of these messages about genetics on levels of genetic determinism and genetic discrimination; studies that address the effects of these messages on attitudes about race; and, studies of the impacts of race-specific genetic messages on recipients. Following an integration of this research, this mini-review suggests that the current literature appears fragmented because of methodological and measurement issues and offers strategies for future research. Finally, the authors offer a path model to help organize future research examining the effects of messages about genetics on socioculturally based racism, genetically based racism, and unaccounted for racism. Research in this area is needed to understand and mitigate the negative attitudinal effects of messages that link genes, race, and health and/or emphasize genetic causation.

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Section: Genetic Determinism and Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

How lay people respond to messages about genetics, health, and race

Condit

Bates

2005

Clinical Genetics

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“…There is a general consensus in the literature that direct expression of racism–sometimes called ‘traditional racism’–declined fairly substantially in the U.S. across the middle decades of the 20th century (25, 37). This decline in expressions of direct racism parallels a decline in the visibility and perceived legitimacy of biological accounts of race that occurred across roughly the same period (38, 39). It is possible that racism may have declined across this period in part because biological accounts of race have declined.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Exploration of the impact of messages about genes and race on lay attitudes

et al. 2004

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The effect of messages about genetics on lay audiences was assessed through an experimental study that exposed participants (n = 96) to a Public Service Announcement about race, genes, and heart disease. Participants who received a message that specified either 'Whites' or 'Blacks' as the subject of the message demonstrated elevated levels of racism, genetic basis for racism, and one dimension of genetic discrimination as compared to those receiving a version of the message with no race specification or in a no-message control condition. The presentation of such messages to the public is not recommended until additional research clarifies this finding and perhaps describes mitigating vocabularies or approaches.

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“…Given that questions of value preclude action, it is not surprising that much of the discussion of value occurs at the margins-in keynote addresses (Wood, 1998), introductions to special issues (Frey, 1998), most especially backstage in the reviews for presentations and publications (Blair, Brown, & Baxter, 1994), and in the instruction and disciplining of the novitiate (Engen, 2002;Oteiza, 2003). The most centered presentation of value occurs in the one community's complaints against another (Hallstein, 1999;Kitzinger, 1999;Schudson, 1997;Taft-Kaufman, 1995), in the call for action (Guttman, 1997;Kepplinger & Knirsch, 2001;Lemish, 2002;Mejias, 2001;Olsen, Weber, & Trimble, 2002;Wright, 2001), or in the critical performance review of a theory or methodology (Babrow, 2001;Condit, Condit, & Achter 2001;Cragan, 1999;McPhee & Zaug, 2001;Wilder, 2002).…”

Section: Axiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Philosophies and Philosophic Issues in Communication, 1995–2004

Anderson

Baym

2004

Journal of Communication

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The term philosophy of communication is a doubly articulated concept that refers both to the undergirding tenets and system of beliefs that justify a set of professional and pragmatic practices and to the study of those tenets and beliefs. Given the over 100 divisions and interest groups of our four major associations (ICA, NCA, AEJMC, BEA 1 ), one can say without irony that communication is philosophically rich. One could also say that, like the storied Platte River, we are a mile wide and an inch deep with no center channel.As a field of study, philosophy of communication asks the questions that are prior to and foundational for any topical or disciplinary issue. As the parent organization of this journal puts it: "Philosophy of Communication is broadly concerned with theoretical, analytical, and political issues that cut across the various boundaries that are often taken for granted within the study of communication." 2 Definitions of this sort create fields of endeavor without visible boundaries and literature reviews that could include nearly everything. Clearly, no matter how much space is allocated, any effort to write "the state of philosophy of communication" is doomed to the banal "there's a lot of it" or a careful examination of some small part of it. We've chosen the latter. Philosophy of Communication Review: Part 1-Philosophies of the DisciplineTo direct that examination we opted to use the traditional, encompassing set of four issues-existence, knowledge, knowledge practices, and value, or, more technically, ontology, epistemology, praxeology, and axiology-adopted by a number of communication theorists

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Human Equality, Affirmative Action, and Genetic Models of Human Variation

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

How lay people respond to messages about genetics, health, and race

How lay people respond to messages about genetics, health, and race

Exploration of the impact of messages about genes and race on lay attitudes

Philosophies and Philosophic Issues in Communication, 1995–2004

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