Human erythrocyte glutathione s-transferase: A possible marker of chemical exposure

Ansari, Ghulam; Singh, Shivendra V.; Gan, Jose C.; Awasthi, Yogesh C.

doi:10.1016/0378-4274(87)90167-6

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Of these, ρ isoenzyme-which belongs to PI class-constitutes 95% of the activity toward the commonly used substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). GSTs of the PI class are known to be vulnerable to reactive electrophiles [12,13] and conditions involving oxidative stress [14,15]. ROS such as H 2 O 2 and HOCl are found to be potent inhibitors of the enzyme [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erythrocyte antioxidant defense response against cigarette smoking in humans—the glutathione S‐transferase vulnerability

Orhan

Evelo

Şahin

2005

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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Cigarette smoking leads to uptake of a multitude of reactive chemicals including many electrophiles and may also give rise to oxidative stress. Human red blood cells are important targets for electrophilic and oxidant foreign compounds. We investigated the oxidative stress in erythrocytes upon cigarette smoking, and the response of antioxidant defense system against it. With this aim, simultaneous determination of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities and plasma levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and the degree of erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation (EMLP) were carried out in blood samples of smokers and their controls. Plasma TBARS levels and EMLP in smokers were significantly higher than the control levels (p < 0.01 and p < 0.005, respectively). SOD activity was diminished in smokers compared to nonsmoker controls (p < 0.005). Erythrocyte Se-GPx activity was also found significantly diminished in smokers (p < 0.005), while plasma Se-GPx activity was not changed. We observed that erythrocyte CAT activity was not different in smokers compared to nonsmoker controls. We found that the erythrocyte GST activity is significantly lower in young adult smokers (3.03 +/- 0.18 U/mg protein; mean +/- SEM; n = 46) than in nonsmoking contemporaries (3.98 +/- 0.26 U/mg protein; mean +/- SEM; n = 41). Together with previously reported data, it can be concluded that the decrease in GST activity leads to extra GST synthesis during erythrocyte proliferation. The same data were also analyzed for the sex differences. The statistically significant differences remained the same between nonsmoker and smoker females. Only EMLP degree and SOD activity were significantly different between nonsmoker and smoker males; however, when compared the parameters between male and female nonsmokers, GST activity was found to be significantly higher in females than that of males.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erythrocyte antioxidant defense response against cigarette smoking in humans—the glutathione S‐transferase vulnerability

Orhan

Evelo

Şahin

2005

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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“…The predominant form is the GST P1-1 enzyme, originally purified from human placenta, followed by the GST T1-1 present in minor amounts (27,28); other classes, if present, are barely detectable. GST P1-1 has been reported to lose enzymatic activity after exposure to oxidant agents (29), alkaline pH (30), and metals (31), and it has been suggested that this enzyme from human erythrocytes could be a possible marker of chemical exposure (32) and may exist also in monomeric and posttranslationally modified forms (33). We have therefore tested the hypothesis that exposure to low doses of 1,3-butadiene may induce oxidative stress inside the RBC with parallel loss of GST P1-1 activity and, therefore, we further analyzed the RBC of the above three groups for their content of Glutathionylated Hemoglobin (GSS-Hb) (a possible index of oxidative stress) by MALDI-TOF spectra (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione Transferases and Glutathionylated Hemoglobin in Workers Exposed to Low Doses of 1,3-Butadiene

Primavera

Fustinoni

Biroccio

et al. 2008

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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We evaluated glutathione transferase (GST) activities and the levels of glutathionylated hemoglobin in the RBC of 42 workers exposed to 1,3-butadiene in a petrochemical plant, using 43 workers not exposed to 1,3-butadiene and 82 foresters as internal and external controls, respectively. Median 1,3-butadiene exposure levels were 1.5, 0.4, and 0.1 Mg/m 3 in 1,3-butadieneexposed workers, in workers not directly exposed to 1,3-butadiene, and in foresters, respectively. In addition, we determined in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of the same individuals the presence of GST polymorphic genes GSTT1 and GSTM1 and the distribution of GSTP1 allelic variants. Comparing the mean values observed in petrochemical workers with those of control foresters, we found a marked decrease of GST enzymatic activity and a significant increase of glutathionylated hemoglobin in the petrochemical workers. A weak but significant negative correlation was found between levels of 1,3-butadiene exposure and GST activity, whereas a positive correlation was found between 1,3-butadiene exposure and glutathionylated hemoglobin. A negative correlation was also observed between GST activity and glutathionylated hemoglobin. No influence of confounders was observed. Using a multiple linear regression model, up to 50.6% and 41.9% of the variability observed in glutathionylated hemoglobin and GST activity, respectively, were explained by 1,3-butadiene exposure, working setting, and GSTT1 genotype. These results indicate that occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene induces an oxidative stress that impairs the GST balance in RBC, and suggest that GST activity and glutathionylated hemoglobin could be recommended as promising biomarkers of effect in petrochemical workers. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):3004 -12)

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“…•− ), glutathione transferase, which is involved in xenobiotic detoxification [194], catalase and peroxiredoxin-2-peroxidase, which destroy hydrogen peroxide. Red blood cells are not able to synthesize ATP de novo, and energy homeostasis is maintained during high energy demand due to salvage pathways by which already existing nucleosides and purine bases can be recycled to produce adenine nucleotide triphosphates [195].…”

Section: The Possible Role Of Erythrocytes In Neuronal Aerobic Glucosmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Erythrocytic Hypothesis of Brain Energy Crisis in Sporadic Alzheimer Disease: Possible Consequences and Supporting Evidence

Kosenko

Tikhonova

Alilova

et al. 2020

JCM

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a fatal form of dementia of unknown etiology. Although amyloid plaque accumulation in the brain has been the subject of intensive research in disease pathogenesis and anti-amyloid drug development; the continued failures of the clinical trials suggest that amyloids are not a key cause of AD and new approaches to AD investigation and treatment are needed. We propose a new hypothesis of AD development based on metabolic abnormalities in circulating red blood cells (RBCs) that slow down oxygen release from RBCs into brain tissue which in turn leads to hypoxia-induced brain energy crisis; loss of neurons; and progressive atrophy preceding cognitive dysfunction. This review summarizes current evidence for the erythrocytic hypothesis of AD development and provides new insights into the causes of neurodegeneration offering an innovative way to diagnose and treat this systemic disease.

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Human erythrocyte glutathione s-transferase: A possible marker of chemical exposure

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

Erythrocyte antioxidant defense response against cigarette smoking in humans—the glutathione S‐transferase vulnerability

Erythrocyte antioxidant defense response against cigarette smoking in humans—the glutathione S‐transferase vulnerability

Glutathione Transferases and Glutathionylated Hemoglobin in Workers Exposed to Low Doses of 1,3-Butadiene

The Erythrocytic Hypothesis of Brain Energy Crisis in Sporadic Alzheimer Disease: Possible Consequences and Supporting Evidence

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