Human exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds: Their role in reproductive systems, metabolic syndrome and breast cancer. A review

Giulivo, Monica; Alda, Miren López de; Capri, E.; Barceló, Damià

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.011

Cited by 495 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 226 publications

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“…Phthalates and parabens can be found in a myriad of products, and total human exposure occurs through several routes including dermal absorption, ingestion, and inhalation (Giulivo et al 2016). Biomonitoring data suggest that exposure to phthalates and parabens is ubiquitous across the United States population (Calafat et al 2010; Zota et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High molecular weight phthalates such as DEHP are used to impart flexibility to plastics and can be found in vinyl flooring, medical devices, food packaging materials, toys, and electronics. Parabens are widely used as preservatives in food and consumer products like moisturizers, skin lotions, hair/shaving products, food packaging-commodities and industrial products, due to their antimicrobial and anti-fungal properties (Giulivo et al 2016; Soni et al 2005). Thus, the main source of human exposure to parabens occurs via dermal absorption of PCPs (Giulivo et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasound gel as an unrecognized source of exposure to phthalates and phenols among pregnant women undergoing routine scan

Messerlian

Mustieles

Wylie

et al. 2017

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

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Background Systemic absorption of phthalates and parabens has been demonstrated after dermal application of body lotion, and medical devices such as intravenous bags and tubing have been identified as a source of exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). However, use of products during medical procedures such as aqueous gel applied during obstetrical ultrasound in pregnancy has not been investigated as a potential source of endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) exposure. Human studies have associated EDCs with various adverse pregnancy outcomes. There is a need to identify sources of inadvertent exposure to EDCs especially during vulnerable developmental periods such as pregnancy. Objectives We conducted a pilot study to determine whether use of gel during routine obstetrical ultrasound increased urinary concentrations of phthalate and phenol biomarkers. Methods We recruited 13 women from the Massachusetts General Hospital who provided spot urine samples at the time of their second trimester anatomic survey. The first sample was collected prior to the procedure (pre-exposure, time 1), and two additional samples were obtained at approximately 1–2 hours (time 2) and 7–12 hours (time 3) post-exposure following the scan. Results Urinary concentrations of several DEHP metabolites and metabolite of diisononyl cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) increased across time. For example, the geometric mean concentrations of mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate increased from 3.1 ng/ml to 7.1 ng/ml (p-value=0.03) between time 1 and time 3. We also observed significant differences in concentrations of metabolites of butylbenzyl phthalate (BBzP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), and di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP). For example, mono-n-butyl phthalate (metabolite of DnBP) decreased from 3.5 ng/ml to 1.8 ng/ml (p-value=0.04) between time 1 and time 2, but then increased to 6.6 ng/ml (p-value=0.002) at time 3. Propylparaben concentrations increased from 8.9 ng/ml to 33.6 ng/ml between time 1 and time 2 (p-value=0.005), followed by a decrease to 12.9 ng/ml at time 3 (p-value=0.01). However, we cannot rule out the possibility that some of the observed differences are due to other sources of exposure to these compounds. Conclusions While additional research is needed, this pilot study potentially identifies a previously unknown source of phthalate and paraben exposure among pregnant women undergoing routine ultrasound examination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound gel as an unrecognized source of exposure to phthalates and phenols among pregnant women undergoing routine scan

Messerlian

Mustieles

Wylie

et al. 2017

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

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“…The mammary gland is an organ characterized by a high degree of plasticity due to the various conformations and functions that it must fulfill across life and, particularly, during lactation [60]. It is not surprising that the tumors most directly related to endocrine disruptors, breast [61] and prostate cancer [62], have been among the most rapidly increasing in the world in the last few decades. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Carcinogenesis and Transgenerational Transmission of Carcinogenic Risk: From Genetics to Epigenetics

Burgio¹,

Piscitelli²,

Colao

2018

IJERPH

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The dominant pathogenic model, somatic mutation theory (SMT), considers carcinogenesis as a ‘genetic accident’ due to the accumulation of ‘stochastic’ DNA mutations. This model was proposed and accepted by the scientific community when cancer mainly affected the elderly, but it does not explain the epidemiological observation of the continuous increase in cancer incidence among children and young adults. Somatic mutation theory has been proposed for a revision based on the emerging experimental evidence, as it does not fully address some issues that have proven to be crucial for carcinogenesis, namely: the inflammatory context of cancer; the key role played by the stroma, microenvironment, endothelial cells, activated macrophages, and surrounding tissues; and the distorted developmental course followed by the neoplastic tissue. Furthermore, SMT is often not able to consider either the existence of specific mutations resulting in a well-defined cancer type, or a clear relationship between mutations and tumor progression. Moreover, it does not explain the mechanism of action of the non-mutagenic and environmental carcinogens. In the last decade, cancer research has highlighted the prominent role of an altered regulation of gene expression, suggesting that cancer should be considered as a result of a polyclonal epigenetic disruption of stem/progenitor cells, mediated by tumour-inducing genes. The maternal and fetal exposure to a wide range of chemicals and environmental contaminants is raising the attention of the scientific community. Indeed, the most powerful procarcinogenic mechanisms of endocrine disruptors and other pollutants is linked to their potential to interfere epigenetically with the embryo-fetal programming of tissues and organs, altering the regulation of the genes involved in the cell cycle, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and other key signaling pathways. The embryo-fetal exposure to environmental, stressful, and proinflammatory triggers (first hit), seems to act as a ‘disease primer’, making fetal cells and tissues more susceptible to the subsequent environmental exposures (second hit), triggering the carcinogenic pathways. Furthermore, even at the molecular level, in carcinogenesis, ‘epigenetics precedes genetics’ as global DNA hypomethylation, and the hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes are common both in cancerous and in precancerous cells, and generally precede mutations. These epigenetic models may better explain the increase of cancer and chronic/degenerative diseases in the last decades and could be useful to adopt appropriate primary prevention measures, essentially based on the reduction of maternal-fetal and child exposure to several procarcinogenic agents and factors dispersed in the environment and in the food-chains, as recently suggested by the World Health Organization.

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“…Di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP) is one of the most commonly utilized plasticizers and are widely used as building materials, packaging materials, and cosmetics production [1]. DOP is one of most common used PAEs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Bioaugmentation Strategy in Biodegradation of Di-n-octyl Phthalate (DOP) in Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)

Zhang¹,

Luo²,

Chen³

et al. 2018

dtcse

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Abstract. In order to enhance the degradation of Di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP).One bacterial strain was inoculated in SBR. Bioaugmentation by inoculating DOP-degrading bacteria effectively shortened the start-up of SBRs and significantly enhanced DOP degradation in bioreactors (p<0.05), 92.3% DOP removal rate was achieved in consortium bioaugmented SBR, which was double of control SBR. The DOP removal in control reactor was only 37%. The results from this study suggest bioaugmentation is an effective and feasible approach for DOP waste water treatment in practical engineering.

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Human exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds: Their role in reproductive systems, metabolic syndrome and breast cancer. A review

Cited by 495 publications

References 226 publications

Ultrasound gel as an unrecognized source of exposure to phthalates and phenols among pregnant women undergoing routine scan

Ultrasound gel as an unrecognized source of exposure to phthalates and phenols among pregnant women undergoing routine scan

Environmental Carcinogenesis and Transgenerational Transmission of Carcinogenic Risk: From Genetics to Epigenetics

Application of Bioaugmentation Strategy in Biodegradation of Di-n-octyl Phthalate (DOP) in Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)

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