Human eyelid conditioning with paraorbital shock as the US

Gormezano, I.; Fernald, Charles D.

doi:10.3758/bf03335857

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These response rates in unpaired aged and AD patients are generally consistent with, to our knowledge, the only previous study in the literature using an explicitly unpaired procedure in human participants. In this study, Gormezano and Fernald (1971) reported that, with parameters essentially the same as ours, except that they used a very mild and brief (1.2 mA, 1 ms) paraorbital shock as a UCS, response rates never exceeded 10% and did not change over conditioning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Classical conditioning in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A multiday study.

Solomon¹,

Brett²,

Groccia-Ellison³

et al. 1995

Psychology and Aging

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Previous studies demonstrated that patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) do not acquire the classically conditioned eyeblink response. These studies, however, were only tested over a single conditioning session and, hence, raise the question of whether AD patients are capable of acquiring the response if sufficient training is given. This question may be of some importance whether AD patients can ultimately acquire the response has implications for the underlying neurobiological deficit in disrupted conditioning in AD. This study tested AD patients and age-matched controls over 4 days. As in previous studies, AD patients performed significantly worse than controls on Day 1, but by Day 4, they were not significantly different from controls. Subsequent testing indicated that these effects were not due to nonassociative variables such as changes in sensitivity to stimuli or disruption of the motor response. Also, it was reported that neither AD patients nor controls showed any evidence of acquisition in an explicitly unpaired paradigm, suggesting that neither pseudoconditioning nor sensitization is contributory. Data are discussed in terms of the possible role of the hippocampus in mediating conditioning deficits in AD patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Classical conditioning in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A multiday study.

Solomon¹,

Brett²,

Groccia-Ellison³

et al. 1995

Psychology and Aging

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“…According to a law-of-effect hypothesis (e.g., Perkins, 1968;Prokasy, 1965), the occurrence of conditioned responses (CRs) in classical conditioning is dependent upon the instrumental effects of the CR in modifying the sensory consequences of the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). A difficult problem for this interpretation is the fact that excellent conditioning of a wide variety of responses can be obtained with the use of electric shock as the UCS (e.g., Gormezano & Fernald, 1971). No mechanism whereby anticipatory CRs can attenuate the noxiousness of an electric shock 1 This research was supported by Grant AO-244 from the National Research Council of Canada and funds from the Department of Psychology of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interstimulus interval and time estimation in ratings of signaled shock aversiveness.

Suboski¹,

Brace²,

Jarrold³

et al. 1972

Journal of Experimental Psychology

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“…Given that 4-AP increased the frequency and size of responding during US pretest, the increased intensity of the US may have contributed to the sensitization of the CS. Previous comparisons between paired and unpaired stimulus presentations as a function of manipulations of an aversive US intensity have shown no systematic relationship between US intensity and the level of responding to the CS (Gormezano and Fernald, 1971). An increase, however, was observed in the level of nonassociative responding to the CS as a function of US magnitude in the appetitive rabbit jaw movement response (Sheafor and Gormezano, 1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of 4-aminopyridine on classical conditioning of the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) nictitating membrane response

Wang

Darwish²,

Schreurs

2006

Behavioural Pharmacology

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A large body of data suggests that potassium channels may play an important role in learning and memory. Previous in-vitro research in a number of species including Hermissenda and the rabbit suggests that a 4-aminopyridine-sensitive transient potassium channel may be involved in classical conditioning. We investigated the effects of in-vivo 4-aminopyridine administration (0.5 mg/kg) on classical conditioning of the rabbit nictitating membrane response using a battery of tests designed to assess the associative, sensory, and motor contributors of 4-aminopyridine to responding. 4-Aminopyridine enhanced both classical conditioning and conditioning-specific reflex modification compared with a saline vehicle control, and these effects had several nonassociative components including an increase in the frequency of responding to both the conditioned and the unconditioned stimuli, suggesting a sensitizing effect of the drug. Although 4-aminopyridine can have peripheral effects, it may also modify cerebellar excitability or hippocampal neurotransmitter balance resulting in heightened responsiveness to stimulation.

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Human eyelid conditioning with paraorbital shock as the US

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Classical conditioning in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A multiday study.

Classical conditioning in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A multiday study.

Interstimulus interval and time estimation in ratings of signaled shock aversiveness.

Effects of 4-aminopyridine on classical conditioning of the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) nictitating membrane response

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