Human friendship estimation model for communication robots

Abstract

Based on the analysis of non-verbal inter-human interaction, this paper proposes a model for estimating human friendships in the presence of a humanoid robot. Our previous study in an elementary school provided rich video data of two months of interhuman interaction in the presence of a humanoid robot. Such data are particularly useful for developing a robot's social ability: a friendship estimation capability. We analyzed the video based on an observation method to analyze the interaction among children and the robot. From their non-verbal interactions, several important factors for friendship estimation were retrieved, including touch, gaze, co-presence, and distance. Gender was also considered a factor in the model, since gender differences were observed in non-verbal interactions. The model discriminated between friendly and non-friendly relationships among the children with 74.5% accuracy for boys and 83.8% for girls.

Extensive assessment and evaluation methodologies on assistive social robots for modelling human–robot interaction – A review

“…This is because they found that the different appearances of robots did not affect the participants' verbal behaviours but did affect their non-verbal behaviours such as distance and delay in participants' responses and the like [86,87]. This model is a further research done by Kanda et al as well in 2006 [77] and 2007 [89] on previous estimation models developed.…”

“…4b), for therapeutic purposes and demonstrated its social effect for encouraging communication among inpatients and caregivers [87,147]. In a similar vein, Kozima et al in 2005 and 2009, placed a remote-controlled robot, Keepon, in a day care centre for developmental disordered children to encourage their social behaviours [87,96,97]. This paper is reviewing all the assessment and evaluation methodologies for therapy, research and entertainment purposes.…”

“…In terms of human friendship estimation model, especially for humanoid and communication robots, based on the analysis of non-verbal HRI and inter-human interaction, , proposed a model for estimating human friendships in the presence of a humanoid robot [87]. This is because they found that the different appearances of robots did not affect the participants' verbal behaviours but did affect their non-verbal behaviours such as distance and delay in participants' responses and the like [86,87].…”

“…Keepon, conducts non-verbal interactions with users, help researchers indirectly assess the HRI based on the psychological or therapeutic models; (3) Robot's design and behaviour is effective in therapeutic purposes and sharing mental states with participants -so, good to be used as learning approaches for HRI 2001 developed a seal-like robot, named Paro (see Fig. 4b), for therapeutic purposes and demonstrated its social effect for encouraging communication among inpatients and caregivers [87,147]. In a similar vein, Kozima et al in 2005 and 2009, placed a remote-controlled robot, Keepon, in a day care centre for developmental disordered children to encourage their social behaviours [87,96,97].…”

“…Table 3). Past researchers suggested the importance of recognizing the relationships among what children have with other children in socially assistive applications [87]. Kanda Fig.…”