Human Fungal Infections in Kuwait—Burden and Diagnostic Gaps

Al-Wathiqi, Faten; Altawalah, Haya; Asadzadeh, Mohammad; Khan, Ziauddin; Denning, David W.

doi:10.3390/jof6040306

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…Using both WHO estimates and the national AMR surveillance TB data, we calculated a total CPA prevalence estimate of 1002 cases. CPA prevalence based on other Middle Eastern countries (notably Kuwait) is 21.3 per 100,000 prevalence [30] with 1975 cases annually.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this impressive feat, many regions in the Middle East, North Africa, and Turkey (MENAT) remain under-mapped or not mapped at all, including the United Arab Emirates (UAE), due to the lack of published data [2,21]. The currently available literature from the MENAT region that explores fungal burden mapping includes published studies conducted in Qatar, Oman, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia (abstract form only), Jordan, Egypt, Algeria, Morocco, Turkey, and Iran [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mapping the Burden of Fungal Diseases in the United Arab Emirates

Al Dhaheri,

Thomsen,

Everett

et al. 2024

JoF

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The United Arab Emirates has very little data on the incidence or prevalence of fungal diseases. Using total and underlying disease risk populations and likely affected proportions, we have modelled the burden of fungal disease for the first time. The most prevalent serious fungal conditions are recurrent vulvovaginitis (~190,000 affected) and fungal asthma (~34,000 affected). Given the UAE’s low prevalence of HIV, we estimate an at-risk population of 204 with respect to serious fungal infections with cryptococcal meningitis estimated at 2 cases annually, 15 cases of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) annually, and 20 cases of esophageal candidiasis in the HIV population. PCP incidence in non-HIV patients is estimated at 150 cases annually. Likewise, with the same low prevalence of tuberculosis in the country, we estimate a total chronic pulmonary aspergillosis prevalence of 1002 cases. The estimated annual incidence of invasive aspergillosis is 505 patients, based on local data on rates of malignancy, solid organ transplantation, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (5.9 per 100,000). Based on the 2022 annual report of the UAE’s national surveillance database, candidaemia annual incidence is 1090 (11.8/100,000), of which 49.2% occurs in intensive care. Fungal diseases affect ~228,695 (2.46%) of the population in the UAE.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the Burden of Fungal Diseases in the United Arab Emirates

Al Dhaheri,

Thomsen,

Everett

et al. 2024

JoF

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The impact of mucormycosis (black fungus) on SARS-CoV-2-infected patients: at a glance

Islam

Rahman

Ahasan

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The emergence of various diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic made health workers more attentive, and one of the new pathogens is the black fungus (mucormycosis). As a result, millions of lives have already been lost. As a result of the mutation, the virus is constantly changing its traits, including the rate of disease transmission, virulence, pathogenesis, and clinical signs. A recent analysis revealed that some COVID-19 patients were also coinfected with a fungal disease called mucormycosis (black fungus). India has already categorized the COVID-19 patient black fungus outbreak as an epidemic. Only a few reports are observed in other countries. The immune system is weakened by COVID-19 medication, rendering it more prone to illnesses like black fungus (mucormycosis). COVID-19, which is caused by a B.1.617 strain of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been circulating in India since April 2021. Mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection induced by exposure to a fungus called mucormycete. The most typically implicated genera are Mucor rhyzuprhizopusdia and Cunninghamella . Mucormycosis is also known as zygomycosis. The main causes of infection are soil, dumping sites, ancient building walls, and other sources of infection (reservoir words “mucormycosis” and “zygomycosis” are occasionally interchanged). Zygomycota, on the other hand, has been identified as polyphyletic and is not currently included in fungal classification systems; also, zygomycosis includes Entomophthorales, but mucormycosis does not. This current review will be focused on the etiology and virulence factors of COVID-19/mucormycosis coinfections in COVID-19-associated mucormycosis patients, as well as their prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment. Graphical abstract

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A global perspective of the changing epidemiology of invasive fungal disease and real-world experience with the use of isavuconazole

Thompson,

Chen,

Alfouzan

et al. 2024

Medical Mycology

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Global epidemiological data show that the incidence of invasive fungal disease (IFD) has increased in recent decades, with the rising frequency of infections caused by Aspergillus and Mucorales order species. The number and variety of patients at risk of IFD has also expanded, owing in part to advances in the treatment of hematologic malignancies and other serious diseases, including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) and other therapies causing immune suppression. Isavuconazonium sulfate (active moiety: isavuconazole) is an advanced-generation triazole antifungal approved for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis, which has demonstrated activity against a variety of yeasts, molds and dimorphic fungi. While real-world clinical experience with isavuconazole is sparse in some geographic regions, it has been shown to be effective and well tolerated in diverse patient populations, including those with multiple comorbidities who may have failed to respond to prior triazole antifungal therapy. Isavuconazole may be suitable for patients with IFD receiving concurrent QTc-prolonging therapy, as well as those on venetoclax or ruxolitinib. Data from clinical trials are not available to support the use of isavuconazole prophylactically for the prevention of IFD, or for the treatment of endemic IFD, such as those caused by Histoplasma spp., but real-world evidence from case studies suggests that it has clinical utility in these settings. Isavuconazole is an option for patients at risk of IFD, particularly when the use of alternative antifungal therapies is not possible because of toxicities, pharmacokinetics or drug interactions.

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Human Fungal Infections in Kuwait—Burden and Diagnostic Gaps

Cited by 6 publications

References 55 publications

Mapping the Burden of Fungal Diseases in the United Arab Emirates

Mapping the Burden of Fungal Diseases in the United Arab Emirates

The impact of mucormycosis (black fungus) on SARS-CoV-2-infected patients: at a glance

A global perspective of the changing epidemiology of invasive fungal disease and real-world experience with the use of isavuconazole

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