Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis in the United States from 2008 to 2012: A Summary of National Surveillance Data

Dahlgren, F. Scott; Heitman, Kristen Nichols; Drexler, Naomi A.; Massung, Robert F.; Behravesh, Casey Barton

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.15-0122

Cited by 104 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Lyme borreliosis (LB) and anaplasmosis (AN) are common among people and dogs in much of the eastern USA, and several studies document a growing risk of infection concomitant with increasing tick populations and continued expansion of the geographical area where these pathogens are known to be transmitted [4,[21][22][23][24]. Canine serology has been shown to be an indicator of human disease risk in a given region [13,14,25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in canine seroprevalence to Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma spp. in the eastern USA, 2010–2017

et al. 2019

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Background Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum are tick-borne infections transmitted by Ixodes scapularis in the eastern USA; both agents cause disease in dogs and people. To characterize changes in seroprevalence over time, Cochran Armitage trend tests were used to evaluate percent positive test results for antibodies to B. burgdorferi and Anaplasma spp. in approximately 20 million canine tests from 2010–2017 in 25 states and 905 counties in the eastern USA. Results A significant decreasing trend in seroprevalence to B. burgdorferi was evident in eight states along the mid-Atlantic coast from Virginia to New Hampshire, and in Wisconsin. In contrast, a continued increasing trend was evident in five northeastern and Midwestern states where Lyme borreliosis is endemic or emerging, as well as in three southern states where endemicity has not yet been widely established. Similarly, seroprevalence to Anaplasma spp. showed a significant, although smaller, decreasing trend in five states along the mid-Atlantic coast from Virginia to Connecticut and Rhode Island, as well as in Minnesota and Wisconsin in the Midwest; despite the fact that those trends were significant they were weak. However, a strong increasing trend was evident in Massachusetts and three states in northern New England as well as in Pennsylvania. Conclusions As expected, seroprevalence continued to increase in regions where Lyme borreliosis and anaplasmosis are more newly endemic. However, the declining seroprevalence evident in other areas was not anticipated. Although the reasons for the decreasing trends are not clear, our finding may reflect shifting ecologic factors that have resulted in decreased infection risk or the combined positive influence of canine vaccination, tick control, and routine testing of dogs in regions where these infections have long been endemic. Analysis of trends in canine test results for tick-borne infections continues to be a valuable tool to understand relative geographical and temporal risk for these zoonotic agents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in canine seroprevalence to Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma spp. in the eastern USA, 2010–2017

et al. 2019

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“…Compared with Lyme disease, the incidence of reported anaplasmosis, Powassan virus disease, and babesiosis is several orders of magnitude lower, and their geographic distribution appears to be similar but more restricted; like the distribution of Lyme disease cases, the geographic range of anaplasmosis and babesiosis has similarly spread over time (Figure 4) [7,19,95,98,99]. Over 96% of Lyme disease cases are reported from just 14 states in the northeast, mid-Atlantic and the upper Midwest [95].…”

Section: Incidence and Ranges Of Diseases Caused By I Scapularis-bormentioning

confidence: 99%

The Blacklegged Tick, Ixodes scapularis : An Increasing Public Health Concern

Eisen

2018

Trends in Parasitology

296

202

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In the United States, the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, is a vector of seven human pathogens, including those causing Lyme disease, anaplasmosis, babesiosis, Borrelia miyamotoi disease, Powassan virus disease, and ehrlichiosis associated with Ehrlichia muris eauclarensis. In addition to an accelerated rate of discovery of I. scapularis-borne pathogens over the past two decades, the geographic range of the tick, and incidence and range of I. scapularis-borne disease cases, have increased. Despite knowledge of when and where humans are most at risk of exposure to infected ticks, control of I. scapularis-borne diseases remains a challenge. Human vaccines are not available, and we lack solid evidence for other prevention and control methods to reduce human disease. The way forward is discussed.

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“…Second, it may be related to the low immune function of the elderly lead to the therapeutic effect is worse[37, 44]. The average case fatality rate was 2.24% in Shandong Province, which is higher than 0.3% in the United States[45]. It may be related to the two fact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of 4 species natural-focal diseases in Shandong Province, China in 2009-2017: a descriptive analysis

Chen

Kou

et al. 2019

Preprint

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18Background: Natural-focal diseases have always been a kind of serious disease that endangers 19 human health. It threatens about 100 million people in Shandong Province, and causes illness in 20 thousands of people each year. However, information on the epidemiological characteristics of 21 natural-focal diseases in Shandong Province has been limited. The purpose of the study is to describe 22 and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of natural-focal diseases in Shandong Province,

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Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis in the United States from 2008 to 2012: A Summary of National Surveillance Data

Cited by 104 publications

References 29 publications

Trends in canine seroprevalence to Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma spp. in the eastern USA, 2010–2017

Trends in canine seroprevalence to Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma spp. in the eastern USA, 2010–2017

The Blacklegged Tick, Ixodes scapularis : An Increasing Public Health Concern

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of 4 species natural-focal diseases in Shandong Province, China in 2009-2017: a descriptive analysis

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