"Human Gut Microbes Assisted Agricultural Food Production for Better Human Health: A New Concept"

Abstract

Health is a prime concern for the better and long life, which is affected by several factors like nutrition, immunity, infectious agents, mental status of a human etc. In recent years, it is demonstrated that all these factors influencing human health are governed by human gut microbes. Human Gut microbes are those microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea that lives in the gastro-intestinal (GI) tracts of humans. 95% of the body's microbiota is found in the GI tract and plays a key role in digestive, metabolic, immune and neurological functions and are therefore very important for the gut and human health. These gut microorganisms perform a variety of useful functions , such as fermenting unused energy substrates, training the immune system, preventing the growth of harmful pathogenic species, regulating the development of the gut, producing vitamins (such as biotin and vitamin K) and hormones for the human body, development of enteric protection, metabolizing bile acids, sterols, xenobiotics, pharmaco-microbiomics and gut-brain axis. Apart from carbohydrates metabolism, gut microbiota can also metabolize other xenobiotics such as drugs, phytochemicals, and food toxicants. The dysregulation of the gut flora has been correlated with a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions and obesity. Thus, human gut microbiota appears to play a major and significant role in maintaining the human health and disruption of this gut microbiota may lead to different diseased conditions. Factors that disrupt the gut microbiota population include antibiotics, stress, and parasites.The human gut microbiota is dominated by four dominant bacterial phyla viz. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Most bacteria belong to the Genera Bacteroides, Clostridium, Faecalibacterium, Eubacterium, Ruminococcus, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, and Bifidobacterium. Other genera, such as Escherichia and Lactobacillus, are present to a lesser extent. Species from the genus Bacteroides alone constitute about 30% of all bacteria in the gut, suggesting that this genus is especially important in the functioning of the GI tract. About 99% of the large intestine flora are made up of obligate anaerobes such as Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genera (B. longum, B. breve, B. infantis; L. helveticus, L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, and L. casei), had the most potential to be useful for certain central nervous system disorders. These GI tract microbes are also used as probiotics in treating the GI tract related medical conditions. These probiotics include the species of Bifidobacterium

"Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and its Curd, as a Low-Cost Input for Plant Growth Promotion Activity in Tomato Crop"

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Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are an inhabitant of a diversified environment and plays an important role in the well-being of their habitat. These are part of the human gut microbiome and used in human wellness [1], in animal farming particularly those of poultry, pig, Ruminant and aquaculture [2], in crop plants production and protection [3], and in dairy product fermentation [4]. In the human gut, the LAB can improve the digestibility of protein in food and enhance the nutritional value of food protein and help the human intestinal tract to absorb the amino acids in dairy products [5], on the plant system it acts as plant growth promoting bacteria or as biocontrol agent [6], and in diary product it acts as lactose coagulator

Crimson PublishersWings to the Research

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