Human gut microbiome: A primer for the clinician

Kedia, Saurabh; Ahuja, Vineet

doi:10.1002/jgh3.12902

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…The gut microbiome structure is affected by a variety of factors, including the environment, diet, age, and geographical location [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. It has been suggested that the number of human cells in the human body may be fewer than its microbial cells and that the number of human genes may be 10–100 times less than what is found in the intestine of the host [ 1 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. In the last few decades, the amount of research conducted on the influence of the gut microbiome on the host organism, in a field called microbiomics, has increased significantly [ 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiome Interactions with Oxidative Stress: Mechanisms and Consequences for Health

Semenova,

Garashchenko,

Kolesnikov

et al. 2024

Pathophysiology

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Understanding how gut flora interacts with oxidative stress has been the subject of significant research in recent years. There is much evidence demonstrating the existence of the microbiome–oxidative stress interaction. However, the biochemical basis of this interaction is still unclear. In this narrative review, possible pathways of the gut microbiota and oxidative stress interaction are presented, among which genetic underpinnings play an important role. Trimethylamine-N-oxide, mitochondria, short-chain fatty acids, and melatonin also appear to play roles. Moreover, the relationship between oxidative stress and the gut microbiome in obesity, metabolic syndrome, chronic ethanol consumption, dietary supplements, and medications is considered. An investigation of the correlation between bacterial community features and OS parameter changes under normal and pathological conditions might provide information for the determination of new research methods. Furthermore, such research could contribute to establishing a foundation for determining the linkers in the microbiome–OS association.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiome Interactions with Oxidative Stress: Mechanisms and Consequences for Health

Semenova,

Garashchenko,

Kolesnikov

et al. 2024

Pathophysiology

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“…The gut microbiome comprises a large community of microorganisms (microbiota) and their collective genomes, metabolites, and proteins released in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract [1]. It is known that the generated products, such as short-chain fatty acids, interact with enteric mucosal host cells and influence physiological immune responses, protecting the host from infection and maintaining the function and morphology of intestinal epithelial cells [1,2]. The enteric microbiome includes different subsets, such as the virome (viruses), the mycobiome (fungi), the archaeome (archaea), and even some parasites, which diversify during individual growth [3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Human Gut Virome Contribute to Host Health or Disease?

Pavia,

Marascio,

Matera

et al. 2023

Viruses

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The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors eukaryotic and prokaryotic viruses and their genomes, metabolites, and proteins, collectively known as the “gut virome”. This complex community of viruses colonizing the enteric mucosa is pivotal in regulating host immunity. The mechanisms involved in cross communication between mucosal immunity and the gut virome, as well as their relationship in health and disease, remain largely unknown. Herein, we review the literature on the human gut virome’s composition and evolution and the interplay between the gut virome and enteric mucosal immunity and their molecular mechanisms. Our review suggests that future research efforts should focus on unraveling the mechanisms of gut viruses in human homeostasis and pathophysiology and on developing virus-prompted precision therapies.

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Challenges for pathologists in implementing clinical microbiome diagnostic testing

Gerasimova,

Ali,

Nadeem

2024

The Journal of Pathology CR

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Recent research has established that the microbiome plays potential roles in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic diseases, including carcinomas. This discovery has led to significant interest in clinical microbiome testing among physicians, translational investigators, and the lay public. As novel, inexpensive methodologies to interrogate the microbiota become available, research labs and commercial vendors have offered microbial assays. However, these tests still have not infiltrated the clinical laboratory space. Here, we provide an overview of the challenges of implementing microbiome testing in clinical pathology. We discuss challenges associated with preanalytical and analytic sample handling and collection that can influence results, choosing the appropriate testing methodology for the clinical context, establishing reference ranges, interpreting the data generated by testing and its value in making patient care decisions, regulation, and cost considerations of testing. Additionally, we suggest potential solutions for these problems to expedite the establishment of microbiome testing in the clinical laboratory.

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Human gut microbiome: A primer for the clinician

Cited by 5 publications

References 121 publications

Gut Microbiome Interactions with Oxidative Stress: Mechanisms and Consequences for Health

Gut Microbiome Interactions with Oxidative Stress: Mechanisms and Consequences for Health

Does the Human Gut Virome Contribute to Host Health or Disease?

Challenges for pathologists in implementing clinical microbiome diagnostic testing

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