Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment of 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Drinking Source Water from a Large Mixed-Use Reservoir

Sun, Caiyun; Zhang, Jiquan; Ma, Qiyun; Chen, Yanan

doi:10.3390/ijerph121113956

Cited by 58 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Risk assessment consisted of hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose-response (toxicity) and risk characterization (Adamu, Nganje, & Edet, 2015). The health risk assessment of each potentially toxic HM was done based on the quantification of the risk level and expressed in terms of cancer and non-cancer health risks (Sun, Zhang, Ma, & Chen, 2015). Two toxicity risk indices reported were the cancer slope factor (CSF) for cancer risk characterization and the oral reference dose (RfD) for non-cancer risk characterization (Adamu, Nganje, & Edet, 2015).…”

Section: Human Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Kampala (Uganda) Drinking Water

Bamuwamye¹,

Ogwok²,

Tumuhairwe³

et al. 2017

JFR

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Levels of aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc in tap water, groundwater-fed protected spring and bottled water were determined. The cancer and non-cancer risks associated with ingestion of heavy metals (HM) were also assessed for both children and adults. Forty seven water samples obtained from five divisions of Kampala city were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Cancer and non-cancer risks were determined using incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and non-carcinogenic hazard quotient (HQ), respectively. Lead content was higher than permissible limits (PL) according to East African Standard, World Health Organization, European Union and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Arsenic showed minor exceedances above guideline values in tap water and groundwater-fed protected spring, whereas mercury, manganese and nickel were higher than PL. Levels of aluminium, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, and zinc were below the PL. The lifetime risk of developing cancer through the oral route was greater than the USEPA acceptable level for both children and adults, revealing that exposure to HM in drinking water posed an unacceptable potential cancer risk. Arsenic contributed ca. 90% of the ILCR in tap water and groundwater-fed protected spring. The combined non-cancer risk of the HM expressed as hazard index (HI) was greater than one, with values for children being higher than those for adults. Lead contribution towards HI was in all cases above 90%. These results demonstrate the presence of alarming non-cancer risks for children.

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Section: Human Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Kampala (Uganda) Drinking Water

Bamuwamye¹,

Ogwok²,

Tumuhairwe³

et al. 2017

JFR

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“…Nilai risiko yang mungkin terjadi terhadap biota laut (Risk Quotient) adalah kadar PAH dalam air laut dibagi dengan nilai ambang batas yang diperkenankan untuk keamanan biota laut (Kaf, 1997dalam Jia et al, 2018 (Sun et al, 2015). Pada Tabel 7 juga dapat dilihat nilai RQ untuk naphthalene di Stasiun 1 dan 2 masing-masing adalah 107,125 dan 27,096, untuk fluorene masing-masing adalah 3,405 dan 3,320, untuk benzo(a)pyrene masing-masing adalah 4557 dan 5291.…”

Section: Risiko Ekologiunclassified

Kandungan senyawa polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbon dalam air laut dan sedimen di Teluk Lampung

Edward¹

2019

Depik

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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) are polycyclic aromatic organic compounds that are toxic to humans and aquatic organisms. This research aims to determine the level of pollution of PAH compounds in seawater and sediments in Lampung Bay, Lampung. This research was conducted by survey method in November 2018. Sediments and seawater samples were taken using water and sediment sampling equipment. Sediment and seawater samples were taken at three and two research stations. The levels and types of PAH compounds were determined by using Gas Mass Spectrometry Chromatography and their sources using individual ratio diagnostic methods. The results showed that the levels of PAH total in seawater ranged 295,587-331,133 ppb, this level is relatively high and has passed the threshold values set by the Decision Letter of the Office of the State Minister of Environment No 51, 2004 for marine biota protection, while in the sediments range 51.481-62.448 ppb, this level is relatively small and still in accordance with the criteria for marine life. The results of individual ratios diagnosis analysis indicate that PAHs in seawater and sediment come from various sources, namely petroleum, burning of petroleum and burning of organic matter.Abstrak. Polisiklik Aromatik Hidrokarbon (PAH) merupakan senyawa organik aromatik polisiklik yang bersifat toksik terhadap manusia dan organisme perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pencemaran senyawa PAH dalam air laut dan di sedimen Teluk Lampung. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survei pada bulan November 2018. Contoh air laut dan sedimen diambil dengan menggunakan alat pengambil contoh air dan sedimen. Contoh air laut diambil pada dua stasiun dan sedimen pada tiga stasiun penelitian. Kadar dan jenis senyawa PAH ditentukan dengan menggunakan Kromatografi Gas-Spektrometer Massa dan sumbernya dengan metode diagnosa rasio individu. Hasilnya menunjukkan kadar total PAH dalam air laut berkisar 295,587-331,133 ppb, kadar ini relatif tinggi dan telah melewati nilai ambang batas yang ditetapkan oleh Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 51 Tahun 2004 untuk kepentingan biota laut, sedangkan pada sedimen berkisar 51,481-62,448 ppb, kadar ini relatif kecil dan masih sesuai dengan kriteria untuk kehidupan biota laut. Hasil analisis diagnosa rasio individu menunjukkan bahwa PAH dalam air laut dan sedimen berasal dari berbagai sumber yakni minyak bumi, pembakaran minyak bumi, dan pembakaran bahan organik. Kata Kunci: Teluk Lampung, sedimen, air laut, PAH PendahuluanTeluk Lampung terletak di Provinsi Lampung, teluk ini padat dengan berbagai aktivitas, antara lain pelabuhan internasional, budidaya perikanan (udang, tambak, kerang mutiara), areal penangkapan ikan dan wisata bahari sementara di daratan terdapat kawasan

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“…These sources play an important role in water supply and irrigation; therefore, water quality is strongly related to health. Nevertheless, available information on public risk in relation to water quality is very limited [4]. Despite these compounds’ low water solubility, they can be found in concentrations at the µg L −1 (ppb) level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Microbial Consortium for the Bioremoval of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Water

Blanco-Enríquez

Serna

Peralta-Pérez

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Pollution of freshwater ecosystems from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a global concern. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has included the PAHs pyrene, phenanthrene, and naphthalene among the 16 priority compounds of special concern for their toxicological effects. The aim of this study was to adapt and characterize a microbial consortium from ore waste with the potential to remove these three PAHs from water. This microbial consortium was exposed to the target PAHs at levels of 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 mg L−1 for 14 days. PAH bioremoval was measured using the analytical technique of solid phase microextraction, followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). The results revealed that up to 90% of the target PAHs can be removed from water after 14 days at a concentration level of 100 mg L−1. The predominant group of microorganisms identified at the phylum taxonomic level were the Proteobacteria, while the Actinobacteria were the predominant subgroup. The removal of phenanthrene, naphthalene, and pyrene predominantly occurred in specimens of genera Stenotrophomonas, Williamsia, and Chitinophagaceae, respectively. This study demonstrates that the use of specific microorganisms is an alternative method of reducing PAH levels in water.

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Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment of 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Drinking Source Water from a Large Mixed-Use Reservoir

Cited by 58 publications

References 23 publications

Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Kampala (Uganda) Drinking Water

Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Kampala (Uganda) Drinking Water

Kandungan senyawa polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbon dalam air laut dan sedimen di Teluk Lampung

Characterization of a Microbial Consortium for the Bioremoval of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Water

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